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Concept
Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Middle Ages
Summary
The history of Bosnia and Herzegovina in the Middle Ages refers to the time period between Roman period and the Ottoman conquest. The Early Middle Ages in the Western Balkans saw the region reconquered from barbarians by Byzantine Emperor Justinian, followed by Slavic migrations and raids in the 6th and 7th centuries. The first mention of a distinct Bosnian region comes from the 10th century text De Administrando Imperio. By the late 9th and early 10th century, Bosnia was mostly Christianized by Latin priests, with some areas remaining unreached. In the High Middle Ages, Bosnia experienced economic stability and peace under Ban Kulin who ruled over Banate of Bosnia, who strengthened its ties with Republic of Ragusa and Venice. The Kingdom of Bosnia emerged in the Late Middle Ages (1377). The kingdom faced internal and external conflicts, eventually falling under Ottoman rule in the late 15th and early 16th centuries.
Slavic migrations to the Balkans
The western Balkans had been reconquered from "barbarians" by Byzantine Emperor Justinian (r. 527–565). Sclaveni (Slavs) raided the Western Balkans, including Bosnia, in the 6th and 7th century. According to De Administrando Imperio written in the 10th century, these were followed by Croats and Serbs who arrived in the late 620s and early 630s, the Croats invited by Emperor Heraclius to fend off an invasion by the Pannonian Avars, and both had by this time settled West and East of Bosnia. Croats "settled in area roughly corresponding to modern Croatia, and probably also including most of Bosnia proper, apart from the eastern strip of the Drina valley" while Serbs "corresponding to modern south-western Serbia (later known as Raška), and gradually extended their rule into the territories of Duklja and Hum".
Bosnia (early medieval) and Zahumlje
The De Administrando Imperio (DAI; ca. 960) mentions Bosnia (Βοσωνα/Bosona) as a "small/little land" (or "small country"), inhabited by Slavs along with Zahumlje and Travunija (both with territory in modern-day Bosnia and Herzegovina).
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