Concept

Initial-stress-derived noun

Initial-stress derivation is a phonological process in English that moves stress to the first syllable of verbs when they are used as nouns or adjectives. (This is an example of a suprafix.) This process can be found in the case of several dozen verb-noun and verb-adjective pairs and is gradually becoming more standardized in some English dialects, but it is not present in all. The list of affected words differs from area to area, and often depends on whether a word is used metaphorically or not. At least 170 verb-noun or verb-adjective pairs exist. Some examples are: record. as a verb, "Remember to recórd the show!". as a noun, "I'll keep a récord of that request." permit. as a verb, "I won't permít that." as a noun, "We already have a pérmit." In English, since the early modern period, polysyllabic nouns tend to have an unstressed final syllable, while verbs do not. Thus, the stress difference between nouns and verbs applies generally in English, not just to otherwise-identical noun-verb pairs. The frequency of such pairs in English is a result of the productivity of class conversion. When "re-" is prefixed to a monosyllabic word, and the word gains currency both as a noun and as a verb, it usually fits into this pattern, although, as the following list makes clear, most words fitting this pattern do not match that description. Many of these have first syllables that evolved from Latin prepositions, although again that does not account for all of them. See also list of Latin words with English derivatives. When the stress is moved, the pronunciation, especially of vowels, often changes in other ways as well. Most common is the reduction of a vowel sound to a schwa when it becomes unstressed.

About this result
This page is automatically generated and may contain information that is not correct, complete, up-to-date, or relevant to your search query. The same applies to every other page on this website. Please make sure to verify the information with EPFL's official sources.
Related lectures (1)
Probabilistic Fracture: Weibull Model
Delves into the Weibull model for probabilistic fracture in brittle solids and its implications on material reliability.
Related publications (13)

Can a bi-lateral stress jump really arrest the height growth of a hydraulic fracture?

Brice Tanguy Alphonse Lecampion, Carlo Peruzzo, Barnaby Padraig Fryer

In certain industrial applications, vertical growth of hydraulic fractures beyond a targeted formation of interest can cause economic loss and pose a risk to environmentally sensitive layers [1]. In addition, when micro hydraulic fracturing is used to meas ...
2023

Phase transformation induced distortions in red gold alloys

Margaux Nathalie Dominique Larcher

Red gold alloys owe their warm and attractive colour to the combination of gold and copper atoms. Thanks to their good mechanical properties and resistance to corrosion, red gold alloys are used in luxury industries as well as in dentistry. Around the equi ...
EPFL2021

Laboratory studies of hydraulic fracture growth in quasi-brittle rocks with different grain sizes

Brice Tanguy Alphonse Lecampion, Dong Liu

Well completion for oil and gas, geothermal energy as well as CO2 storage sometimes require stimulation to achieve economical fluid flow rates (for both injector and producer wells). Predicting the growth of fluid-driven fractures in geological systems is ...
2020
Show more
Related people (1)
Related concepts (2)
English phonology
English phonology is the system of speech sounds used in spoken English. Like many other languages, English has wide variation in pronunciation, both historically and from dialect to dialect. In general, however, the regional dialects of English share a largely similar (but not identical) phonological system. Among other things, most dialects have vowel reduction in unstressed syllables and a complex set of phonological features that distinguish fortis and lenis consonants (stops, affricates, and fricatives).
English language
English is a West Germanic language in the Indo-European language family. It originated in early medieval England and, today, is the most spoken language in the world and the third most spoken native language, after Mandarin Chinese and Spanish. English is the most widely learned second language and is either the official language or one of the official languages in 59 sovereign states. There are more people who have learned English as a second language than there are native speakers.

Graph Chatbot

Chat with Graph Search

Ask any question about EPFL courses, lectures, exercises, research, news, etc. or try the example questions below.

DISCLAIMER: The Graph Chatbot is not programmed to provide explicit or categorical answers to your questions. Rather, it transforms your questions into API requests that are distributed across the various IT services officially administered by EPFL. Its purpose is solely to collect and recommend relevant references to content that you can explore to help you answer your questions.