Vietnamese peopleThe Vietnamese people (người Việt , Việt people) or the Kinh people (người Kinh ), also recognized as the Viet people and informally the Viets, are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to modern-day Northern Vietnam and Southern China (Jing Islands, Dongxing, Guangxi). The native language is Vietnamese, the most widely spoken Austroasiatic language. Vietnamese Kinh people account for just over 85.
Hoa peopleThe Hoa people (Vietnamese: Người Hoa, or ) are citizens of Vietnam of full or partial Han Chinese ancestry. Chinese migration into Vietnam dates back millennia but contemporary Hoa today mostly refers to people of Chinese heritage who came to Vietnam from the 18th century, who especially trace their ancestry to various southern Chinese provinces. The Hoa are an ethnic minority group in Vietnam as part of the Chinese community there, and can also be found in other regions such as in the Americas.
Nam tiếnNam tiến (nam tǐən; 南進; lit. "southward advance" or "march to the south") is a historiographical concept that describes the historic southward expansion of the territory of Vietnamese dynasties' dominions of Đại Việt from the 11th to the 19th centuries. The concept of Nam tiến has differing interpretations, with some equating it to Viet colonialism of the south and to a series of wars and conflicts between several Vietnamese kingdoms and Champa Kingdoms, which resulted in the annexation and Vietnamization of the former Cham states as well as indigenous territories.
Lê dynastyThe Lê dynasty, also known in historiography as the Later Lê dynasty (Hậu Lê triều, chữ Hán: 後黎朝 or nhà Hậu Lê, chữ Nôm: 茹後黎), officially Great Việt (Đại Việt; Chữ Hán: 大越), was the longest-ruling Vietnamese dynasty, having ruled from 1428 to 1789, with an interregnum between 1527 and 1533.
CochinchinaCochinchina or Cochin-China (ˌkoʊtʃɪnˈtʃaɪnə, UKalsoˌkɒtʃ-; Đàng Trong (17th century - 18th century), Việt Nam (1802-1831), Đại Nam (1831-1862), Nam Kỳ (1862-1945); Cochinchine) is a historical exonym for part of Vietnam, depending on the contexts. Sometimes it referred to the whole of Vietnam, but it was commonly used to refer to the region south of the Gianh River. In the 17th and 18th centuries, Vietnam was divided between the Trịnh lords to the north and the Nguyễn lords to the south.
HaiphongHaiphong (Hải Phòng, haːj˧˩ fawŋ͡m˨˩), or Hai Phong, is the third-largest city in Vietnam. An industrial city, Haiphong is located at the mouth of the Cấm River in northern Vietnam and population is about 2.389 million people as of 2022. Haiphong is the center of technology, economy, culture, medicine, education, science and trade in the Red River Delta. In the past, Haiphong was the first place with electricity in Vietnam. Haiphong was founded in 1887 as a major seaport city of Vietnam.
Nguyễn dynastyThe Nguyễn dynasty (chữ Nôm: 茹阮, Nhà Nguyễn; chữ Hán: 阮朝, Nguyễn triều) was the last Vietnamese dynasty, which was preceded by the Nguyễn lords and ruled the unified Vietnamese state independently from 1802 to 1883 before being under French protectorate. During its existence, the empire expanded into modern-day southern Vietnam, Cambodia, and Laos through a continuation of the centuries-long Nam tiến and Siamese–Vietnamese wars.
KunmingKunming (kUn'mIN; ), also known as Yunnan-Fu, is the capital and largest city of Yunnan province, China. It is the political, economic, communications and cultural centre of the province as well as the seat of the provincial government. The headquarters of many of Yunnan's biggest corporations are based in the city. The city was of great significance during World War II as a Chinese military center, American air base, and transport terminus for the Burma Road.
Vietnamese boat peopleVietnamese boat people (Thuyền nhân Việt Nam) were refugees who fled Vietnam by boat and ship following the end of the Vietnam War in 1975. This migration and humanitarian crisis was at its highest in 1978 and 1979, but continued into the early 1990s. The term is also often used generically to refer to the Vietnamese people who left their country in a mass exodus between 1975 and 1995 (see Indochina refugee crisis). This article uses the term "boat people" to apply only to those who fled Vietnam by sea.
Chữ NômChữ Nôm (, t͡ɕɨ˦ˀ˥ nom˧˧) is a logographic writing system formerly used to write the Vietnamese language. It uses Chinese characters (chữ Hán) to represent Sino-Vietnamese vocabulary and some native Vietnamese words, with other words represented by new characters created using a variety of methods, including phono-semantic compounds. This composite script was therefore highly complex and was accessible to less than five percent of the Vietnamese population who had mastered written Chinese.
