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Concept
Banyumasan people
Summary
Banyumasan or Banyumasan Javanese (Javanese: Ngoko: (Wòng Banyumasan), Indonesian: Orang Banyumasan) (colloquially known as Javanese Ngapak) is a collective term for a Javanese subgroup native to the Indonesia's westernmost part of Central Java. At approximately ±9 million people, they are concentrated in Banyumas, Cilacap, Kebumen, Purworejo, Purbalingga, and Banjarnegara regencies. The Banyumasan-Javanese speak Banyumasan dialect of Javanese language, a dialect which is often called "basa ngapak-ngapak".
In the first era of Hindu-Buddhist in Indonesia, Banyumasan region divided into Tarumanagara Kingdom's influence in the west and Kalingga Kingdom's influence in the east with Cipamali river or "Kali Brebes" as natural borders. The other Hindu-Buddhist Kingdoms that influenced this region is Galuh Kingdom, Mataram Kingdom, Kediri Kingdom, Singhasari Kingdom and Majapahit Empire. After the decline of Majapahit, Banyumasan region become part of Demak Sultanate.
In Demak Sultanate era (1478–1546), Banyumasan region divided into several Kadipaten, which is Pasirluhur with its Adipati (Duke) Banyak Belanak, also Kadipaten Wirasaba with its Adipati Wargo Utomo I.
Due to the territories extent of Demak Sultanate that make Sultan Trenggono (Third Sultan of Demak) consider that a strong military was needed, for that he divided Demak territories militarily into the area of military command. For Western region, Sultan Trenggono choose Adipati Banyak Belanak as a western territory military commander which includes region of Kerawang to Sumbing mountain (Wonosobo). As a military commander of Demak Sultanate, Adipati Pasirluhur was given a title Pangeran Senopati Mangkubumi I while his younger brother named Wirakencana became a Patih (General).
After the death of Sultan Trenggono, Demak Sultanate split into 3 sections, one of them is Pajang that ruled by Joko Tingkir with his title Sultan Adiwijaya (1546–1587). In this era, most of Banyumasan region become part of Pajang territory.
Official source
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