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Reality is the sum or aggregate of all that is real or existent within a system, as opposed to that which is only imaginary, nonexistent or nonactual. The term is also used to refer to the ontological status of things, indicating their existence. In physical terms, reality is the totality of a system, known and unknown. Philosophical questions about the nature of reality or existence or being are considered under the rubric of ontology, which is a major branch of metaphysics in the Western philosophical tradition. Ontological questions also feature in diverse branches of philosophy, including the philosophy of science, of religion, of mathematics, and philosophical logic. These include questions about whether only physical objects are real (i.e., physicalism), whether reality is fundamentally immaterial (e.g. idealism), whether hypothetical unobservable entities posited by scientific theories exist, whether a 'God' exists, whether numbers and other abstract objects exist, and whether

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Financing Biomedical Ventures - Myths and Realities

Jeffrey Scott Behrens

Angel funding is an important source of capital for startup ventures (J. Sohl 2019), providing a similar level of capital as institutional venture capital (OECD 2011). But angel funding is challenging to study due to the informal nature of the activity. A common paradigm for new venture funding argues that new ventures initially fund their activities with angel investment and then, as they show success, make progress to commercialization and de-risk core venture propositions, ventures transition to more professional institutional (venture capital) funding. A belief in this paradigm can strongly influence early venture creation activities, and assumptions about the later availability of capital from institutional venture capital underpin many startup business plans. However, the literature exploring this phenomenon is very sparse, and the question of the relationship of angel to venture funding transition has rarely been studied. By analyzing a large and robust dataset, this thesis advances the understanding of the actual behavior of investors and the impact this early behavior, and the funding choices involved, have on company outcomes. This thesis also explores a novel form of venture investing and places it into a broader context of new venture funding that may help explain some of the key observations discussed. These fundamentally empirical studies examine the nature/reality of important entrepreneurial phenomena of interactions between angel and venture funding in novel ways, pose questions, and identify a set results that point to a potential market failure. Attempts are made to understand these results and place them into the contexts of both research theory and a broader understanding of entrepreneurial behavior; there certainly remain a set of unanswered questions and potential fruitful directions for future research.

EPFL2020

Nowadays, mobile phone applications become more and more impressive, while the programming languages related to them offers more possibilities for new applications. One of these possibilities is the domain of the augmented reality, which consists of an application allowing the user to visualize the camera overview and on his foreground some elements displayed depending on the goal of the application. The well-known examples of augmented reality applications are the image recognition, 3D models and animations, video augmentations or, like I want for the project, location based services with geo data. This last one is interesting because this the kind of application that I’m going to implement for my Bachelor Project. This is an interesting and very rewarding because, although it is a spectacular final application, and moreover it is a concrete project in constant evolution. The difference between this kind of application compared to the others is that it uses resources that are not usually exploited in common applications. It will combine camera, compass, geolocation and orientation of the mobile phone. All this synchronization will have an impressive result, and mainly useful.

2015

Conception acoustique de systèmes microtechniques

Jean-Daniel Lüthi

Considered as one of the most difficult complications in horology, the mechanical chiming watch, known as the striking watch, has today become one of the symbols of high craftsmanship. When it chimes the hour the sound of a striking watch must not only be harmonious to the ear of the hearer but also be identical from one watch to another. Today only a few talented watchmakers produce these watches. The resulting empiricism sometimes translates into significant differences between the sounds of these watches. One particularly complex aspect in the application of sound to a striking watch is the appreciation of the sound quality as well as the adequacy to the sound reference. This thesis aims to identify the principal influencing factors at the origin of the variances in sound from one striking watch to another and to identify those that allow the sound of one watch to conform to a recognised ideal sound. The problem is approached from two different angles. The first angle of physical reality, attempts to describe and characterise the sound produced by a watch according to physical parameters. The second angle of perceptive reality models our perception of sound. A virtual spectrum can be established by taking into account psychoacoustic aspects. This is derived from the real spectrum and allows not only a quantified measure of the perceived pitch but also an appreciation of the tone quality. The experimental work relies on the implementation of designed experiments using a functional sample. This reproduces the striking system at the same time allowing the modification of parameters necessary for the planned experiments. The physical spectrum combined with the virtual spectrum allows the identification of the principal influencing factors. Amongst these are hammer-gong pre-penetration, the contact geometry as well as the position of the hitting point and the contact time. By means of the generalised mass, it is possible to modify the perceived pitch within a significant range of frequencies which makes this factor an important element in the adequacy to the recognised ideal of sound. Finally, this work illustrates the importance that should be accorded to the implementation of measuring tools and appropriate characterisation of sound if the processes in the mechanical striking watch industry are to be mastered. Also included is a description of the factors that the watchmaker must control to ensure minimal variation from one watch to another in a production series.

EPFL2011

Philosophy

Philosophy (love of wisdom in ancient Greek) is a systematic study of general and fundamental questions concerning topics like existence, reason, knowledge, values, mind, and language. It is a rationa

Metaphysics

Metaphysics is the branch of philosophy that studies the fundamental nature of reality. This includes the first principles of: being or existence, identity, change, space and time, cause and effect, n

Western philosophy

Western philosophy encompasses the philosophical thought and work of the Western world. Historically, the term refers to the philosophical thinking of Western culture, beginning with the ancient Greek

CS-411: Digital education

This course addresses the relationship between specific technological features and the learners' cognitive processes. It also covers the methods and results of empirical studies on this topic: do student actually learn due to technologies?

EE-205: Signals and systems (for EL&IC)

This class teaches the theory of linear time-invariant (LTI) systems. These systems serve both as models of physical reality (such as the wireless channel) and as engineered systems (such as electrical circuits, filters and control strategies).

AR-367: Environmental histories

Le cours vise à familiariser les étudiants avec l'histoire de l'environnement et des paysages, et avec la façon dont les différentes préoccupations environnementales, qui vont affecter de plus en plus fortement la conception des villes et de l'architecture.