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Concept
Vietnamese language and computers
Summary
The Vietnamese language is written with a Latin script with diacritics (accent tones) which requires several accommodations when typing on phone or computers. Software-based systems are a form of writing Vietnamese on phones or computers with software that can be installed on the device or from third-party software such as UniKey. Telex is the oldest input method devised to encode the Vietnamese language with its tones. Other input methods may also include VNI (Number key-based keyboard) and VIQR. VNI input method is not to be confused with VNI code page.
Historically, Vietnamese was also written in chữ Nôm, which is mainly used for ceremonial and traditional purposes in recent times, and remains in the field of historians and philologists. There have been attempts to type chữ Hán and chữ Nôm with existing Vietnamese input methods, but they are not widespread. Sometimes, Vietnamese can be typed without tone marks, which Vietnamese speakers can usually guess depending on context.
There are as many as 46 character encodings for representing the Vietnamese alphabet. Unicode has become the most popular form for many of the world's writing systems, due to its great compatibility and software support. Diacritics may be encoded either as combining characters or as precomposed characters, which are scattered among the Latin Extended-A, Latin Extended-B, and Latin Extended Additional blocks. The Vietnamese đồng symbol is encoded in the Currency Symbols block. Historically, the Vietnamese language used other characters beyond the modern alphabet. The Middle Vietnamese letter B with flourish (ꞗ) is included in the Latin Extended-D block. The apex is not included in Unicode, but may serve as a rough approximation.
Early versions of Unicode assigned the characters and for the purpose of placing these marks beside a circumflex, as is common in Vietnamese typography. These two characters have been deprecated; and are now used regardless of any present circumflex.
For systems that lack support for Unicode, dozens of 8-bit Vietnamese code pages have been designed.
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