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The evolution of artificial neural networks (ANNs) is often used to tackle difficult control problems. There are different approaches to the encoding of neural networks in artificial genomes. Analog Genetic Encoding (AGE) is a new implicit method derived f ...
In order to better understand the high complexity of the brain, the detailed study of its individual components clearly seems insufficient. The backbone of complexity in the nervous system is composed of the large scale architectural characteristics of the ...
Carotenoid prodn. by microorganisms, as opposed to chem. synthesis, could fulfill an ever-increasing demand for 'all natural' products. The yeast Phaffia rhodozyma has received considerable attention because it produces the red pigment astaxanthin, commonl ...
Motivation: Metab., the network of chem. reactions that make life possible, is one of the most complex processes in nature. We describe here the development of a computational approach for the identification of every possible biochem. reaction from a given ...
Advancement of genomic research and anal. techniques enables an in-depth understanding of individual components in the cellular metab. The crit. subject is the integration of massive exptl. details and the quantification of the contributions of individual ...
Information about the enzyme kinetics in a metabolic network will enable understanding of the function of the network and quant. prediction of the network responses to genetic and environmental perturbations. Despite recent advances in exptl. techniques, s ...
The mitogen activated protein kinase (MAPK) cascade is one of the most prominent and well-studied signaling networks. The pathway has control over such diverse cellular functions as cell proliferation, migration, and differentiation. In addn. to its well-d ...
The driving force for organo- or lithotrophic growth as well as for each step in the metabolic network is the Gibbs reaction energy. For each enzymic step it must be neg. Thermodn. contributes therefore to the in-silico description of living systems. It ma ...
In mammalian embryos, molecular cross-talk with extraembryonic tissues is essential to elaborate the primary body axes. Here, we review a series of reciprocal interactions that occur shortly after implantation in the uterus, and discuss how they are integr ...
Continuous cultures of a hybridoma cell line (Zac3) were performed with 2 14C-labeled substrates: glucose and glutamine. A simplified network was used to describe cell metab. This simple network gave a good idea of the main fluxes into the cell, esp. for c ...