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Concept
Dalmatian city-states
Summary
Dalmatian city-states were the Dalmatian localities where the local Romance population survived the Barbarian invasions after the fall of the Western Roman Empire in the 400s CE. Eight little cities were created by those autochthonous inhabitants that maintained political links with the Eastern Roman Empire (which defended these cities, enabling their commerce). The original names of these cities were Jadera, Spalatum, Crespa, Arba, Tragurium, Vecla, Ragusium, and Cattarum. The language and the laws were initially Latin, but after a few centuries, they developed their own Neo-Latin language, Dalmatico, which lasted until the 19th century. The cities were maritime centres with huge commerce, mainly with the Italian peninsula and with the growing Republic of Venice.
After the fall of the Roman Empire, Dalmatia consisted of a group of autochthonous coastal cities functioning much like city-states, with extensive autonomy, but without control of the rural hinterland controlled by the Slavic tribes who arrived after 640 AD.
Ethnically, Dalmatia started out as a Roman region, with a romance culture that began to develop independently, forming the now-extinct Dalmatian language called Dalmatico. These cities were characterized by common Latin laws, Catholic religion, language, commerce, and political and administrative structures.
The eight city-states were:
Jadera (now called in Zara; Zadar) – Originally a small island in the central Dalmatia coast
Spalatum (Spalato; Split) – Initially created inside the Diocletian Palace
Crespa (Cherso; Cres) – On an island in northern Dalmatia
Arba, (Arbe; Rab) – On a small island in front of the northern Velebit mountains
Tragurium (Trau; Trogir) – On a small island not far away from Roman Salona
Vecla (Veglia; Krk) – On an island near the northern Dalmatia coast
Ragusium (Ragusa; Dubrovnik) – Originally a promontory in southern Dalmatia
Cattarum (Cattaro; Kotor) – Inside the Bay of Kotor, today in Montenegro
Later were added other cities in north-central Dalmatia, like Sebenicum (now Šibenik), Flumen (now Rijeka), and Pagus (now Pag).
Official source
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