Augusto PinochetAugusto José Ramón Pinochet Ugarte (25 November 1915 – 10 December 2006) was a Chilean general and dictator who ruled Chile from 1973 to 1990, first as the leader of the Military Junta of Chile from 1973 to 1981, being declared President of the Republic by the junta in 1974 and becoming the de facto dictator of Chile, and from 1981 to 1990 as de jure president after a new constitution, which confirmed him in the office, was approved by a referendum in 1980. His rule remains the longest of any Chilean leader in history.
History of ChileThe territory of Chile has been populated since at least 3000 BC. By the 16th century, Spanish conquistadors began to colonize the region of present-day Chile, and the territory was a colony between 1540 and 1818, when it gained independence from Spain. The country's economic development was successively marked by the export of first agricultural produce, then saltpeter and later copper. The wealth of raw materials led to an economic upturn, but also led to dependency, and even wars with neighboring states.
ValdiviaInfobox settlement | official_name = Valdivia | other_name = | native_name = | nickname = The City of Rivers, The Pearl of the South of Chile, Chile's Brewery Capital | named_for = Pedro de Valdivia | motto = Muy Noble y Muy Leal("Most noble and most loyal") | settlement_type = City and Commune | image_skyline = Montaje de Valdivia.png | image_caption = From top to bottom, left to right: Valdivia waterfront, Town Square, Hotel Naguilán (top), Sciences Building of Austral University (bottom), Los Canelos tower, Rodolfo Amando Philippi Museum, Historical and Anthropologic Museum Maurice van de Maele, St.
ValparaísoValparaíso (balpaɾaˈiso) is a major city, commune, seaport, naval base, and educational centre in the Valparaíso Region, Chile. "Greater Valparaíso" is the second largest metropolitan area in the country. Despite only being the second largest city in the metropolitan area of Greater Valparaíso, with the first being Viña del Mar, Valparaíso serves as the namesake for the region due to its historical and cultural significance. Valparaíso is located about northwest of Santiago by road and is one of the Pacific Ocean's most important seaports.
ArgentinaArgentina (aɾxenˈtina), officially the Argentine Republic (República Argentina), is a country in the southern half of South America. Argentina covers an area of , making it the second-largest country in South America after Brazil, the fourth-largest country in the Americas, and the eighth-largest country in the world. It shares the bulk of the Southern Cone with Chile to the west, and is also bordered by Bolivia and Paraguay to the north, Brazil to the northeast, Uruguay and the South Atlantic Ocean to the east, and the Drake Passage to the south.
SantiagoSantiago (ˌsæntiˈɑːɡoʊ, ˌsɑːn-; sanˈtjaɣo), also known as Santiago de Chile, is the capital and largest city of Chile and one of the largest cities in the Americas. It is located in the country's central valley and is the center of the Santiago Metropolitan Region, which has a population of 7 million, representing 40% of Chile's total population. Most of the city is situated between above sea level. Founded in 1541 by the Spanish conquistador Pedro de Valdivia, Santiago has served as the capital city of Chile since colonial times.
MapucheThe Mapuche (mæˈpʊtʃi (Mapuche and Spanish: maˈputʃe)) are a group of indigenous inhabitants of south-central Chile and southwestern Argentina, including parts of Patagonia. The collective term refers to a wide-ranging ethnicity composed of various groups who shared a common social, religious, and economic structure, as well as a common linguistic heritage as Mapudungun speakers. Their homelands once extended from Aconcagua Valley to Chiloé Archipelago and later spread eastward to Puelmapu, a land comprising part of the Argentine pampa and Patagonia.
