Barthélemy de Laffemas | EPFL Graph Search

Bartholomew Laffemas was an economist, born in Beausemblant, France in 1545. He is officially recorded as dying in Paris in 1612. However, it is rumoured that he actually died on September 23, 1611, after falling from his horse. He is known as the first person to write about underconsumption Coming from the gentry Protestant, poor, he worked and became a tailor. He left the Dauphiné and went to Navarre. There he met Henry of Navarre, the future Henry IV of France. Then, in 1576, he became a "silver merchant" for the king. In 1579, the king owes his supplier 483 491 pounds. He had to borrow the money for his business, paid in annuities. In a memoir, Laffemas wrote that he lifted "..the silverware shop of the king, and borrowed over two hundred thousand crowns ...". These annuities are not as good and he was pursued by the creditors, and imprisoned for debt. When Henry of Navarre became King of France he was freed. In 1596, in his "memory to draw Manufactures and works of the kingdom", it proposes to extend the guilds and develop the chambers of trade. He also advises to reduce imports and develop royal factories, supported by the state. Henry partly supports this program. In 1598 Laffemas continued writing his ideas on trade and manufacture. Writing his ideas may have been required to receive support from Henry IV. They acted as a balance to those of Sully, more interested in agriculture. In the same year Laffemas published Les Trésors et richesses pour mettre l'Estat en splendeur, which blasted those who frowned on French silks because the industry created employment for the poor. This is the first known mention of Underconsumption Theory, which is later refined by John Maynard Keynes. New letters patent of July 20, 1602 ordered the Commission to assemble regularly to attend to the execution of previous orders required by the body and communities of merchants. He received the king, 15 November 1602. He advocated the mercantilism and encouraged the development of trade and manufacturing, differing in this from the Minister Sully, which emphasized the agriculture.

Ein urbaner Pol aus fünf Inseln / Un pôle urbain composé de cinq îlots / Cinque isole per un polo urbano

Die nachhaltige Siedlungsentwicklung benötigt zusätzliche Akzente, beispielsweise mit einer Konzentration von Nutzungsformen: Das neue Quartier Oassis vereint die urbane Dichte mit vielfältiger Aufenthaltsqualität. Le développement durable du milieu bâti nécessite des efforts supplémentaires, par exemple, une concentration des formes d'utilisation : Le nouveau quartier d'Oassis allie la densité urbaine à la mixité et la qualité de vie. Lo sviluppo insediativo sostenibile richiede ulteriori azioni di valorizzazione, ad esempio con una concentrazione di forme di utilizzo: il nuovo quartiere Oassis coniuga la densità urbana con una qualità di vita dalle molte sfaccettature.

2020

Etude du comportement aéraulique des maisons à ouverture zénithale

Claude-Alain Roulet

En été et dans un climat chaud et sec ; comme celui des villes du sud algérien, c’est quasiment insupportable de rester dans un bâtiment sans utilisation de climatisation, ce qui a été montré par des études expérimentales et numériques. Dans les régions sahariennes des pays maghrébin, le climat est le plus souvent chaud et aride, avec un hiver très court froid et sec. Les modes de constructions traditionnels réalisent des conditions de conforts acceptable l’essentiel de l’année, durant les périodes chaudes ou très chaudes par une architecture climatique exemplaire assurant une climatisation naturelle satisfaisante et des modes de chauffage simples permettant de traverser la période froide. La maison à patio couvert, est un type de maison traditionnel très répondu dans le Ksar de Kenadsa. Dans ce travail, nous tentons par une simulation numérique, à l’aide du logiciel de simulation thermique TRNSYS couplé au logiciel aéraulique COMIS, d’examiner le comportement de aéraulique de ce type de maison ainsi que son influence sur la qualité de l’air et sur le confort thermique de dans un climat désertiques. Les résultats de la simulation ont montré l’insuffisance de l’ouverture horizontale seule de dimension de 1X1m² d’assurer une bonne qualité de l’air.

2017