KashubiansThe Kashubians (Kaszëbi; Kaszubi; Kaschuben), also known as Cassubians or Kashubs, are a Lechitic (West Slavic) ethnic group native to the historical region of Pomerania, including its eastern part called Pomerelia, in north-central Poland. Their settlement area is referred to as Kashubia. They speak the Kashubian language, which is classified as a separate language closely related to Polish. The Kashubs are closely related to the Poles and sometimes classified as their subgroup.
KristallnachtKristallnacht (kʁɪsˈtalnaχt) or the Night of Broken Glass, also called the November pogrom(s) (Novemberpogrome, noˈvɛm.bɐ.poˌɡʁoːmə), was a pogrom against Jews carried out by the Nazi Party's Sturmabteilung (SA) paramilitary and Schutzstaffel (SS) paramilitary forces along with some participation from the Hitler Youth and German civilians throughout Nazi Germany on 9–10 November 1938. The German authorities looked on without intervening.
GleichschaltungThe Nazi term Gleichschaltung (ˈɡlaɪçʃaltʊŋ) or "coordination" was the process of Nazification by which Adolf Hitler and the Nazi Party successively established a system of totalitarian control and coordination over all aspects of German society and societies occupied by Nazi Germany "from the economy and trade associations to the media, culture and education".
Pomeranian languageThe Pomeranian language (pomorszczyzna or język pomorski; Pomoranisch or die pomoranische Sprache) is in the Pomeranian group of Lechitic languages (grupa pomorska języków lechickich; die pomoranische Gruppe der lechischen Sprachen) within the West Slavic languages. In medieval contexts, it refers to the dialects spoken by the Slavic Pomeranians. In modern contexts, the term is sometimes used synonymously with "Kashubian" and may also include extinct Slovincian. The name Pomerania comes from Slavic po moře, which means "[land] by the sea".
GdańskGdańsk (ɡəˈdænsk , USalsoɡəˈdɑːnsk ; ɡdaj̃sk; Gduńsk ɡduɲsk; Danzig ˈdantsɪç; Gedanum, Dantiscum) is a city on the Baltic coast of northern Poland. With a population of 470,621, Gdańsk is the capital and largest city of the Pomeranian Voivodeship. It is Poland's principal seaport and the country's fourth-largest metropolitan area. The city lies at the southern edge of Gdańsk Bay, close to the city of Gdynia and resort town of Sopot; these form a metropolitan area called the Tricity (Trójmiasto), with a population of approximately 1.
Polish Armed ForcesThe Armed Forces of the Republic of Poland (Siły Zbrojne Rzeczypospolitej Polskiej, abbreviated SZ RP; popularly called Wojsko Polskie in Poland, abbreviated WP—roughly, the "Polish Military") are the national armed forces of the Republic of Poland. The name has been used since the early 19th century, but can also be applied to earlier periods.
PapiermarkThe Papiermark (paˈpiːɐ̯ˌmaʁk; 'paper mark', officially just Mark, sign: M︁) was the German currency from 4 August 1914 when the link between the Goldmark and gold was abandoned, due to the outbreak of World War I. In particular, the Papiermark was the currency issued during the hyperinflation in Germany of 1922 and 1923. From 1914, the value of the mark fell. The rate of inflation rose following the end of World War I and reached its highest point in October 1923.
ReichsstatthalterThe Reichsstatthalter (ˈʁaɪçsˌʃtathaltɐ, Reich lieutenant) was a title used in the German Empire and later in Nazi Germany. The office of Statthalter des Reiches (otherwise known as Reichsstatthalter) was instituted in 1879 by the German Empire for the areas of Alsace (Elsaß) and Lorraine (Lothringen) that France had ceded to Germany following the Franco-Prussian War. It was a form of governorship intended to exist while Alsace-Lorraine became a federal state of the Empire.
Kashubian languageKashubian or Cassubian (Kashubian: kaszëbsczi jãzëk, język kaszubski) is a West Slavic language belonging to the Lechitic subgroup along with Polish and Silesian. Although often classified as a language in its own right, it is mostly viewed as a dialect of Polish. In Poland, it has been an officially recognized ethnic-minority language since 2005. Approximately 108,000 people use mainly Kashubian at home. It is the only remnant of the Pomeranian language.
Gerhard WeinbergGerhard Ludwig Weinberg (born 1 January 1928) is a German-born American diplomatic and military historian noted for his studies in the history of Nazi Germany and World War II. Weinberg is the William Rand Kenan, Jr. Professor Emeritus of History at the University of North Carolina at Chapel Hill. He has been a member of the history faculty at UNC-Chapel Hill since 1974. Previously he served on the faculties of the University of Michigan (1959–1974) and the University of Kentucky (1957–1959).
