Summary
Clean technology, in short cleantech, is any process, product, or service that reduces negative environmental impacts through significant energy efficiency improvements, the sustainable use of resources, or environmental protection activities. Clean technology includes a broad range of technology related to recycling, renewable energy, information technology, green transportation, electric motors, green chemistry, lighting, grey water, and more. Environmental finance is a method by which new clean technology projects can obtain financing through the generation of carbon credits. A project that is developed with concern for climate change mitigation is also known as a carbon project. Clean Edge, a clean technology research firm, describes clean technology "a diverse range of products, services, and processes that harness renewable materials and energy sources, dramatically reduce the use of natural resources, and cut or eliminate emissions and wastes." Clean Edge notes that, "Clean technologies are competitive with, if not superior to, their conventional counterparts. Many also offer significant additional benefits, notably their ability to improve the lives of those in both developed and developing countries." Investments in clean technology have grown considerably since coming into the spotlight around 2000. According to the United Nations Environment Program, wind, solar, and biofuel companies received a record 148billioninnewfundingin2007asrisingoilpricesandclimatechangepoliciesencouragedinvestmentinrenewableenergy.148 billion in new funding in 2007 as rising oil prices and climate change policies encouraged investment in renewable energy. 50 billion of that funding went to wind power. Overall, investment in clean-energy and energy-efficiency industries rose 60 percent from 2006 to 2007. In 2009, Clean Edge forecasted that the three main clean technology sectors, solar photovoltaics, wind power, and biofuels, would have revenues of 325.1billionby2018.AccordingtoanMITEnergyInitiativeWorkingPaperpublishedinJuly2016,aboutahalfofover325.1 billion by 2018. According to an MIT Energy Initiative Working Paper published in July 2016, about a half of over 25 billion funding provided by venture capital to cleantech from 2006 to 2011 was never recovered.
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