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Concept
Suwon
Summary
Suwon (, shu.wʌn) is the capital and largest city of Gyeonggi-do, South Korea's most populous province. Suwon lies approximately south of the national capital, Seoul. With a population close to 11⁄4 million, it has more residents than Ulsan Metropolitan City, though it has a lesser degree of self-governance as a 'special case city'.
Traditionally known as the 'City of Filial Piety', today Suwon retains a variety of historical features. As a walled city, it is a popular destination for day trippers from Seoul, and these city walls appear among the province's more popular sites.
Suwon also plays an important economic role: Samsung Electronics, Korea's largest company by sales, is based in the city. The company's research and development centre is in Yeongtong-gu, where its headquarters have also been located since 2016. Samsung's presence in Suwon is clearly visible: the company is a partner of Sungkyunkwan University, which has its Natural Sciences Campus in the city, and the company owns the four-time K League champions and two-time Asian Super Cup winners Suwon Samsung Bluewings.
Suwon is home to several universities, e.g., Sungkyunkwan University, Ajou University, and several football, baseball, basketball, and volleyball teams, including Suwon Samsung Bluewings, Suwon FC, and KT Wiz. The city is served by three expressways, the national railway network, and three lines on the Seoul Metropolitan Subway.
Suwon has historically gone by many names. In ancient tribal times, it was known as Mosu-guk (), part of the Mahan confederacy. During the Proto–Three Kingdoms period era, the area that today comprises Suwon and neighbouring Hwaseong was called Maehol-gun (). In 757, under King Gyeongdeok of Unified Silla, the name was changed to Suseong-gun (). In 940, during the Goryeo Dynasty, it changed again in to Suju (). Finally, in 1413, King Taejong of the Joseon Dynasty changed the name to Suwon, the name still in use today, though in the 19th century it was often spelt 'Sou-wen'.
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