Pinus resinosa
Pinus resinosa, known as red pine (also Norway pine in Minnesota), is a pine native to North America. Red pine is a coniferous evergreen tree characterized by tall, straight growth. It usually ranges from in height and in trunk diameter, exceptionally reaching tall. The crown is conical, becoming a narrow rounded dome with age. The bark is thick and gray-brown at the base of the tree, but thin, flaky and bright orange-red in the upper crown; the tree's name derives from this distinctive character. Some red color may be seen in the fissures of the bark. The species is self pruning; there tend not to be dead branches on the trees, and older trees may have very long lengths of branchless trunk below the canopy. The leaves are needle-like, dark yellow-green, in fascicles of two, long, and brittle. The leaves snap cleanly when bent; this character, stated as diagnostic for red pine in some texts, is however shared by several other pine species. The cones are symmetrical ovoid, long by broad, and purple before maturity, ripening to nut-blue and opening to broad, the scales without a prickle and almost stalkless. Red pine is notable for its very constant morphology and low genetic variation throughout its range, suggesting it has been through a near extinction in its recent evolutionary history. A genetic study of nuclear microsatellite polymorphisms among populations distributed throughout its natural range found that red pine populations from Newfoundland are genetically distinct from most mainland populations, consistent with dispersal from different glacial refugia in this highly self-pollinating species. File:Pinus resinosa1.jpg|alt=An old tree in Itasca State Park, Minnesota|An old tree in [[Itasca State Park]], [[Minnesota]] File:PinusFlower.jpg|alt=Pollen cones|Pollen cones in spring File:Pinus resinosa cone.JPG|alt=Cone|Cone (scale in cm) File:Red pine in the autumn.jpg|alt=Red pine boughs, showing yellowing and abscission of older foliage in the autumn|Red pine boughs, showing yellowing and [[abscission]] of older foliage in the autumn.
