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One of the ultimate tasks for stencil lithography is the ability to fabricate arrays of structures with controlled dimensions on the nanometer scale precisely positioned on a suitable surface. The race to shrink feature sizes requires the limits of convent ...
Multifunctional genes are expected to evolve at lower rates because mutations in such genes that improve one function might often have deleterious effects on other functions. Here we tested for an association between multifunctionality and evolutionary rat ...
We consider computationally reconstructing gene regulatory networks on top of the binary abstraction of gene expression state information. Unlike previous Boolean network approaches, the proposed method does not handle noisy gene expression values directly ...
We explored here the possibility that mid-life stress in rats could have deleterious effects on cognitive abilities during early aging, as well as the potential role of inter-individual differences on the development of such effects. Male Wistar rats were ...
Pathogens are a main driving force of the evolution of plants and animals. Being resistant to diseases confers a high selective advantage to hosts, yet many host–pathogen systems show a remarkable degree of polymorphism of host resistance and pathogen viru ...
In mice, the loxP/Cre recombinase-dependent system of recombination offers powerful possibilities for engineering genetic configurations of interest. This system can also be advantageously used for conditional mutagenesis in vivo, whenever such an approach ...
The development of the vertebrate limb is dependent upon two signaling centers, the apical ectodermal ridge (AER), which provides the underlying mesenchyme with essential growth factors, and the zone of polarizing activity (ZPA), the source of the Sonic he ...
The emergence of drug-resistant variants is a serious side effect assocd. with acquired immune deficiency syndrome therapies based on inhibition of human immunodeficiency virus type 1 protease (HIV-1 PR). In these variants, compensatory mutations, usually ...
Interest in the biodegradation mechanisms and environmental fate of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAHs) is motivated by their ubiquitous distribution, their low bioavailability and high persistence in soil, and their potentially deleterious effect on h ...
Mice carrying transgenes targeted upstream the HoxD cluster display abnormal digits, with alterations resembling those obtained with loss of functions of Hoxd genes. Because the HoxD cluster remained entirely untouched by the insertional events, we investi ...
