Standard English | EPFL Graph Search

In an English-speaking country, Standard English (SE) is the variety of English that has undergone substantial regularisation and is associated with formal schooling, language assessment, and official print publications, such as public service announcements and newspapers of record, etc. All linguistic features are subject to the effects of standardisation, including morphology, phonology, syntax, lexicon, register, discourse markers, pragmatics, as well as written features such as spelling conventions, punctuation, capitalisation and abbreviation practices. SE is local to nowhere: its grammatical and lexical components are no longer regionally marked, although many of them originated in different, non-adjacent dialects, and it has very little of the variation found in spoken or earlier written varieties of English. According to Peter Trudgill, Standard English is a social dialect pre-eminently used in writing that is distinguishable from other English dialects largely by a small group of grammatical "idiosyncrasies," such as irregular reflexive pronouns and an "unusual" present-tense verb morphology. The term "Standard" refers to the regularisation of the grammar, spelling, usages of the language and not to minimal desirability or interchangeability (e.g., a standard measure). For example, there are substantial differences among the language varieties that countries of the Anglosphere identify as "standard English": in England and Wales, the term Standard English identifies British English, the Received Pronunciation accent, and the grammar and vocabulary of United Kingdom Standard English (UKSE); in Scotland, the variety is Scottish English; in the United States, the General American variety is the spoken standard; and in Australia, the standard English is General Australian. By virtue of a phenomenon sociolinguists call "elaboration of function", specific linguistic features attributed to a standardised dialect become associated with nonlinguistic social markers of prestige (like wealth or education).

Passages sédunois; restructuration du site des anciens pénitenciers de Sion (VS)

Lucien Roy

Entre les châteaux de Valère et de Tourbillon, surplombant une partie de la ville de Sion, se dressent l’ancien Pénitencier et l’ancienne Chancellerie cantonale. Cloitrés à l’intérieur d’une enceinte massive, ces deux bâtiments sont passés aux mains des musées cantonaux valaisans à l’aube de l’an 2000. Ils accueillent aujourd’hui différentes expositions temporaires et n’ont subi que peu d’aménagements pour cette nouvelle affectation. Ils fonctionnent ainsi toujours comme deux entités distinctes, bien que leurs fonctions soient liées. La nouvelle intervention résout les difficultés du site au moyen d’une construction temporaire à même de changer radicalement l’image du lieu. Cette structure légère s’inspire du type de la galerie autour de laquelle s’articule les différents espaces d’expositions. Elle sert donc à la fois d’élément d’unification et de circulation à travers les deux bâtiments existants. Elle définit également une cour centrale qui clarifie l’organisation générale du site. Ce projet démontre le rôle que le bois peut jouer dans un projet architectural aujourd’hui. A savoir un matériau qui puisse être économiquement compétitif, grâce à l’utilisation d’éléments standardisés et courants dans la région, mais aussi comme ayant le pouvoir d’évoquer un imaginaire collectif vaste et varié. De par sa situation géographique, le projet rend ainsi hommage aussi bien aux anciennes constructions en bois de la ville moyenâgeuse qu’aux grands chantiers des ouvrages d’arts valaisans du XXe siècle.

2021

Estimating The Degree of Sleepiness by Integrating Articulatory Feature Knowledge In Raw Waveform Based CNNs

Julian David Fritsch, Subrahmanya Pavankumar Dubagunta

Speech-based degree of sleepiness estimation is an emerging research problem. This paper investigates an end-to-end approach, where given raw waveform as input, a convolutional neural network (CNN) estimates at its output the degree of sleepiness. Within t ...

2020

Estimating The Degree of Sleepiness by Integrating Articulatory Feature Knowledge In Raw Waveform Based CNNs

Julian David Fritsch, Subrahmanya Pavankumar Dubagunta

Speech-based degree of sleepiness estimation is an emerging research problem. In the literature, this problem has been mainly addressed through modeling of low level of descriptors. This paper investigates an end-to-end approach, where given raw waveform a ...

Idiap2019