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Concept
Open bite malocclusion
Summary
Open bite is a type of orthodontic malocclusion which has been estimated to occur in 0.6% of the people in the United States. This type of malocclusion has no vertical overlap or contact between the anterior incisors. The term "open bite" was coined by Carevelli in 1842 2 as a distinct classification of malocclusion. Different authors have described the open bite in a variety of ways. Some authors have suggested that open bite often arises when overbite is less than the usual amount. Additionally, others have contended that open bite is identified by end-on incisal relationships. Lastly, some researchers have stated that a lack of incisal contact must be present to diagnose an open bite.
Treatment of an open bite is complex and long-term stability is difficult to achieve, making it a challenging condition due to the high risk of vertical relapse, regardless of the treatment method used or the retention protocol followed.
Open bite malocclusion can happen due to several reasons. The teeth and the alveolar bones are subject to opposing forces and pressures mainly due to muscle movement, which could potentially have an impact on the positioning of the teeth. On the contrary, the intrinsic forces of the lips and tongue while at rest create a necessary equilibrium to place the teeth in their correct position. Balance is when a body remains at rest, even when various forces are pushing it in different directions, and it doesn't accelerate or (in the case of teeth) move. Whenever this equilibrium is changed, differences manifest, like, for example, the shrinkage of dental arches in animals which underwent glossectomy when compared to the control animals. When a tooth is extracted, its antagonist continues the process of passive eruption, indicating that the mechanism of eruption remains essentially unchanged throughout life, and the tooth still seeks out occlusal or incisal contact until balance is achieved. Based on this idea of balance several etio-logical factors related to oral function have been associated with AOB.
Official source
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