Fula peopleThe Fula, Fulani, or Fulɓe people (Fulɓe, 𞤊𞤵𞤤𞤩𞤫; Peul; Fulani or Hilani; Kanuri: Fillata; Fula; Pël; Fulaw; A̱fa̱taa) is an ethnic group in Sahara, Sahel and West Africa, widely dispersed across the region. Inhabiting many countries, they live mainly in West Africa and northern parts of Central Africa, South Sudan, Darfur, and regions near the Red Sea coast in Sudan. The approximate number of Fula people is unknown, due to clashing definitions regarding Fula ethnicity. Various estimates put the figure between 25 and 30 million people worldwide.
Lake ChadLake Chad (Kanuri: Sádǝ, Lac Tchad) is a freshwater lake located at the junction of Nigeria, Niger, Chad and Cameroon in central and western Africa. It is also an important wetland ecosystem in West Africa. The catchment area of Lake Chad is 1 million square kilometers. It used to be a large lake with an area of 28,000 square kilometers in the 19th century. However, due to climate change and human water diversion, Lake Chad has been greatly reduced since the mid-1970s, and its area has fluctuated between 2,000 and 5,000 square kilometers.
SenegalSenegal, officially the Republic of Senegal, is a country in West Africa, on the Atlantic Ocean coastline. Senegal is bordered by Mauritania to the north, Mali to the east, Guinea to the southeast and Guinea-Bissau to the southwest. Senegal nearly surrounds the Gambia, a country occupying a narrow sliver of land along the banks of the Gambia River, which separates Senegal's southern region of Casamance from the rest of the country. Senegal also shares a maritime border with Cape Verde.
CameroonCameroon (Cameroon,ˌkæməˈruːn , Cameroun, Duala: Kamerun, Ewondo: Kamərún, Kamerun, Kamerun), officially the Republic of Cameroon (République du Cameroun), is a country in west-central Africa. It shares boundaries with Nigeria to the west and north, Chad to the northeast, the Central African Republic to the east, and Equatorial Guinea, Gabon and the Republic of the Congo to the south. Its coastline lies on the Bight of Biafra, part of the Gulf of Guinea and the Atlantic Ocean.
DarfurDarfur (dɑːrˈfʊər ; Dār Fūr) is a region of western Sudan. Dār is an Arabic word meaning "home [of]" – the region was named Dardaju (Dār Dājū) while ruled by the Daju, who migrated from Meroë 350 AD, and it was renamed Dartunjur (Dār Tunjur) when the Tunjur ruled the area. Darfur was an independent sultanate for several hundred years until it was invaded and incorporated into Sudan by Anglo-Egyptian forces in 1916. As an administrative region, Darfur is divided into five federal states: Central Darfur, East Darfur, North Darfur, South Darfur and West Darfur.
PakistanPakistan ( ˈpaːkɪstaːn), officially the Islamic Republic of Pakistan (ISO: , islāmi jamhūriyāh pākistān), is a country in South Asia. It is the world's fifth-most populous country, with a population of 241.5 million people, and has the world's largest Muslim population as of year 2023. Islamabad is the nation's capital, while Karachi is its largest city and financial centre, followed by Lahore and Faisalabad. Pakistan is the 33rd-largest country in the world by area and the second-largest in South Asia, spanning .
Kanuri peopleThe Kanuri people (Kanouri, Kanowri, also Yerwa, Baribari and several subgroup names) are an African ethnic group living largely in the lands of the former Kanem and Bornu Empires in Niger, Nigeria, Sudan, Libya and Cameroon. Those generally termed Kanuri include several subgroups and dialect groups, some of whom identify as distinct from the Kanuri. Most trace their origins to ruling lineages of the medieval Kanem-Bornu Empire, and its client states or provinces.
Zaghawa peopleThe Zaghawa people, also called Beri or Zakhawa, are a Sahelian ethnic group primarily residing in southwestern Libya, northeastern Chad, and western Sudan, including Darfur. Zaghawas speak the Zaghawa language, which is an eastern Saharan language. They are pastoralists, and a breed of sheep that they herd is called Zaghawa by the Arabs. They are nomadic and obtain much of their livelihood through herding cattle, camels and sheep and harvesting wild grains. It has been estimated that there are 171,000 people who belong to the Zaghawa ethnicity.
KhartoumKhartoum or Khartum (ka:r'tu:m ; Al-Khurṭūm, pronounced [al.xur.tʕuːm], is the capital and largest city of Sudan. With a population of 5,274,321, its metropolitan area is the largest in Sudan. It is located at the confluence of the White Nile, flowing north from Lake Victoria, and the Blue Nile, flowing west from Lake Tana in Ethiopia. The place where the two Niles meet is known as al-Mogran or al-Muqran (المقرن; English: "The Confluence"). From there, the Nile continues north towards Egypt and the Mediterranean Sea.
Toubou peopleThe Toubou or Tubu (from Old Tebu, meaning "rock people") are an ethnic group native to the Tibesti Mountains that inhabit the central Sahara in northern Chad, southern Libya and northeastern Niger. They live either as herders and nomads or as farmers near oases. Their society is clan-based, with each clan having certain oases, pastures and wells. The Toubou are generally divided into two closely related groups: the Teda (or Téda, Toda, Tireh) and the Dazagara (or Dazzaga, Dazagada, Daza).
