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Concept
Brazilian Revolution of 1930
Summary
The Revolution of 1930 (Revolução de 1930) was an armed insurrection across Brazil that ended the Old Republic. The revolution replaced incumbent President Washington Luís with defeated presidential candidate and revolutionary leader Getúlio Vargas, concluding the political hegemony of a four-decade-old oligarchy and beginning the Vargas Era.
For most of the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Brazilian politics had been controlled by an alliance between the states of São Paulo and Minas Gerais. The presidency had largely alternated between the two states every election until 1929, when incumbent President Washington Luís declared his successor to be Júlio Prestes, both of them from São Paulo. In response to the betrayal of the oligarchy, Minas Gerais, Rio Grande do Sul, and Paraíba formed a "Liberal Alliance," backing the opposition candidate Getúlio Vargas, president of Rio Grande do Sul.
When Prestes won the March 1930 presidential election, the Alliance denounced his victory as fraudulent, though no revolutionary fervor persisted until late July when Vargas's running mate, João Pessoa, was assassinated. Though the assassination was largely the result of a personal feud, Pessoa became a martyr for the revolutionary cause. On 3 October, Rio Grande do Sul, under the leadership of Vargas and Goís Monteiro, broke out in rebellion. By the next day, the revolution had reached the North and Northeast under Juarez Távora, and Minas Gerais formally declared allegiance to the revolution within a week of its start despite minor resistance.
Chief military officers, acting independently of either the government or the revolutionaries, and worried of the potential of a protracted civil war in the country, swiftly led a military coup to depose Luís in Rio de Janeiro, the capital, on 24 October. Hoping to deter further bloodshed, three higher military officers, Generals Augusto Tasso Fragoso, João de Deus Mena Barreto, and Admiral Isaías de Noronha formed a military junta and briefly ruled the country for less than two weeks.
Official source
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