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During early somite stages of development, the broad endoderm-derived foregut and hindgut territories become further subdivided along the antero-posterior axis into organs. One of these organs is the pancreas which serves two major physiological functions: ...
In the brainstem auditory circuit of mammals and birds, excitatory synapses with extraordinarily large size have evolved, which ensure fast membrane potential signaling mediated by large, multiquantal excitatory postsynaptic currents (EPSCs). The so-called ...
The gene uncx4.1 is a paired-type homeobox transcription factor, expressed during zebrafish embryonic development in branchial arches, somites, CNS and pronephric ducts. In particular, the expression at the somite level is detectable from 5ss stage and bec ...
BACKGROUND: Endoderm organ primordia become specified between gastrulation and gut tube folding in Amniotes. Although the requirement for RA signaling for the development of a few individual endoderm organs has been established a systematic assessment of i ...
Most mammary gland development occurs after birth under the control of systemic hormones. Estrogens induce mammary epithelial cell proliferation during puberty via epithelial estrogen receptor alpha (ERalpha) by a paracrine mechanism. Epidermal growth fact ...
Squamous stratified epithelia tissues are self-renewing, which quality implies the existence of stem cells. In skin the presence of bona fide multipotent stem cells has been demonstrated by long-term, serial grafting assays. We isolated, cultivated and exp ...
Although growth factors naturally exert their morphogenetic influences within the context of the extracellular matrix microenvironment, the interactions among growth factors, their receptors, and other extracellular matrix components are typically ignored ...
A successful bone tissue engineering strategy entails producing bone-scaffold construct with adequate mechanical properties. Apart from the mechanical properties of the scaffold itself, the forming bone inside the scaffold also adds to the strength of the ...
Engineered artificial microenvironments hold enormous potential as models to study developmental, physiological, pathological, and regenerative processes under highly defined conditions. Such platforms aim at bridging the gap between traditional in vitro 2 ...
The molecular mechanisms that govern bone and joint formation are complex, involving an integrated network of signaling pathways and gene regulators. We investigated the role of Hox genes, which are known to specify individual segments of the skeleton, in ...