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Skylab 3 (also SL-3 and SLM-2) was the second crewed mission to the first American space station, Skylab. The mission began on July 28, 1973, with the launch of NASA astronauts Alan Bean, Owen Garriott, and Jack Lousma in the Apollo command and service module on the Saturn IB rocket, and lasted 59 days, 11 hours and 9 minutes. A total of 1,084.7 astronaut-utilization hours were tallied by the Skylab 3 crew performing scientific experiments in the areas of medical activities, solar observations, Earth resources, and other experiments. The crewed Skylab missions were officially designated Skylab 2, 3, and 4. Miscommunication about the numbering resulted in the mission emblems reading "Skylab I", "Skylab II", and "Skylab 3" respectively. Robert L. Crippen Henry W. Hartsfield, Jr Karl G. Henize F. Story Musgrave William E. Thornton Richard H. Truly Mass: about Maximum Altitude: 440 km Distance: 24.5 million miles (39.4 million km) Launch Vehicle: Saturn IB Perigee: 423 km Apogee: 441 km Inclination: 50° Period: 93.2 min Docked: July 28, 1973 – 19:37:00 UTC Undocked: September 25, 1973 – 11:16:42 UTC Time Docked: 58 days, 15 hours, 39 minutes, 42 seconds Garriott and Lousma – EVA 1 Start: August 6, 1973, 17:30 UTC End: August 6, 23:59 UTC Duration: 6 hours, 29 minutes Garriott and Lousma – EVA 2 Start: August 24, 1973, 16:24 UTC End: August 24, 20:54 UTC Duration: 4 hours, 30 minutes Bean and Garriott – EVA 3 Start: September 22, 1973, 11:18 UTC End: September 22, 14:03 UTC Duration: 2 hours, 45 minutes While approaching Skylab a propellant leak developed in one of the Apollo Service Module's reaction control system thruster quads. The crew was able to safely dock with the station, but troubleshooting continued with the problem. Six days later, another thruster quad developed a leak, creating concern amongst Mission Control. For the first time, an Apollo spacecraft was rolled out to Launch Complex 39 for Skylab Rescue, made possible by the ability for the station to have two Apollo CSMs docked at the same time.

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Skylab 3

Apollo command and service module

The Apollo command and service module (CSM) was one of two principal components of the United States Apollo spacecraft, used for the Apollo program, which landed astronauts on the Moon between 1969 and 1972. The CSM functioned as a mother ship, which carried a crew of three astronauts and the second Apollo spacecraft, the Apollo Lunar Module, to lunar orbit, and brought the astronauts back to Earth.

Human spaceflight

Human spaceflight (also referred to as manned spaceflight or crewed spaceflight) is spaceflight with a crew or passengers aboard a spacecraft, often with the spacecraft being operated directly by the onboard human crew. Spacecraft can also be remotely operated from ground stations on Earth, or autonomously, without any direct human involvement. People trained for spaceflight are called astronauts (American or other), cosmonauts (Russian), or taikonauts (Chinese); and non-professionals are referred to as spaceflight participants or spacefarers.

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