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Bamako (ߓߡߊ߬ߞߐ߬ Bàmakɔ̌, 𞤄𞤢𞤥𞤢𞤳𞤮 Bamako) is the capital and largest city of Mali, with a 2009 population of 1,810,366 and an estimated 2023 population of 2,929,000. It is located on the Niger River, near the rapids that divide the upper and middle Niger valleys in the southwestern part of the country. Bamako is the nation's administrative center. The city proper is a cercle in its own right. Bamako's river port is located in nearby Koulikoro, along with a major regional trade and conference center. Bamako is the seventh-largest West African urban center after Lagos, Abidjan, Kano, Ibadan, Dakar, and Accra. Locally manufactured goods include textiles, processed meat, and metal goods as well as mining. Commercial fishing occurs on the Niger River. Bamako is known for its vibrant music scene, with various genres such as Malian blues, traditional music, and Afrobeat flourishing in Bamako. Many renowned Malian musicians and bands have emerged from the city. Some notable artists are Salif Keita, Oumou Sangaré, Ali Farka Touré, Toumani Diabaté and Amadou & Mariam. In recent years, Bamako has seen significant urban development, with the construction of modern buildings, shopping malls, and infrastructure projects aimed at improving the quality of life for its residents. The city is home to many notable institutions such as the University of Bamako, the National Museum of Mali, the Mali National Zoo, the Grand Mosque of Bamako, and the Modibo Keita International Airport. The buildings of Bamako have a unique architectural style. The name Bamako (ߓߡߊ߬ߞߐ߬ Bàmakɔ̌ in Bambara) comes from the Bambara word meaning "crocodile river". Timeline of Bamako The area of the city has evidence of settlements since the Palaeolithic era. The fertile lands of the Niger River Valley provided the people with an abundant food supply and early kingdoms in the area grew wealthy as they established trade routes linking across west Africa, the Sahara, and leading to northern Africa and Europe. The early inhabitants traded gold, ivory, kola nuts, and salt.

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Djoliba à Bamako, réaménagement des berges du fleuve Niger et de ses affluents (Mali)

Elvira Pietrobon

Bamako, la capitale du Mali, est la première ville que le fleuve Niger rencontre sur son parcours. Le Niger, nommé Djoliba par ses riverains, traverse la vallée où s'étend la ville et la divise en deux parties, reliées par trois ponts. De nombreux affluents, collecteurs naturels d'eaux pluviales, rejoignent le Niger et parcourent les différents tissus de la ville sur les deux rives. Mais Bamako, métropole de deux millions d'habitants en vertigineuse expansion, et Djoliba, fleuve encore dans son état naturel qui accueille encore de nombreuses activités traditionnelles et rurales rythmées par la montée des eaux, cherchent encore leur équilibre. Si d'un côté la ville a l'ambition de construire un waterfront à l'échelle de son expansion, de l'autre, elle doit faire face aux nombreux problèmes causés par la pression urbaine autour des berges du fleuve et de ses affluents. Chaque année des inondations dévastatrices affligent la ville et les berges du Niger s'écroulent dans plusieurs portions du fleuve en raison de l'érosion. Ce projet a l'ambition de chercher une solution au problème des inondations, en redéfinissant les espaces inondables, autour des affluents, comme espace public à mettre en valeur et à préserver de la pression urbaine. Il veut aussi pallier les problèmes de l'érosion, en identifiant six portions des berges à renforcer et à redessiner. Ces parties de berges deviennent des zones stratégiques de renouvellement urbain qui permettent l'accessibilité aux berges et la construction d'une nouvelle façade sur le fleuve.

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