Ticsani

Ticsani is a volcano in Peru northwest of Moquegua and consists of two volcanoes ("Old Ticsani" and "Modern Ticsani") that form a complex. "Old Ticsani" is a compound volcano that underwent a large collapse in the past and shed of mass down the Rio Tambo valley. Today an arcuate ridge remains of this edifice. "Modern Ticsani" is a complex of three lava domes which were emplaced during the Holocene. Two large eruptions took place during the Holocene, producing the so-called "Grey Ticsani" and "Brown Ticsani" deposits; the last eruption occurred after the 1600 eruption of neighbouring Huaynaputina. The volcano is seismically active and features active hot springs and fumaroles; since 2015 the volcano is monitored by the Peruvian government. Ticsani is in the Ichuna District of Peru, northwest of Moquegua. The Putina River passes northwest and the Carumas River southwest of the volcano. The area is remote, which has hampered exploration efforts. There are paved roads in the area, which can be accessed mainly through the Ilo-Desaguadero highway that passes within from the Ticsani domes. Volcanism in South America occurs along its western coast and in several volcanic belts, including the Central Volcanic Zone that Ticsani is part of. In southern Peru the Central Volcanic Zone includes the volcanoes Solimana, Coropuna, Ampato, Sabancaya, Chachani, El Misti, Ubinas, Huaynaputina, Ticsani, Tutupaca, Calientes, Yucamane, Purupuruni and Casiri. The volcanoes of Peru were active in the Plio-Quaternary and produced mainly calc-alkaline magmas such as andesite although more silicic rocks also occur. Ticsani features three lava domes, which were generated by latest Pleistocene and Holocene activity; two of which are located within or at the margins of craters. The southeasternmost dome is wide and high, the middle dome with a width of and a height of no less than is the largest of Ticsani. The northwestern dome has dimensions of . Pyroclastic flow deposits, generated during the collapse and growth of the lava domes, fill shallow valleys on the eastern flank.