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Yangon (formerly romanized as Rangoon, ရန်ကုန်; jàɰ̃.ɡòʊɰ̃; End of Strife) is the capital of the Yangon Region and the largest city of Myanmar (also known as Burma). Yangon served as the capital of Myanmar until 2006, when the military government relocated the administrative functions to the purpose-built capital city of Naypyidaw in north central Myanmar. With over 7 million people, Yangon is Myanmar's most populous city and its most important commercial centre. Yangon boasts the largest number of colonial-era buildings in Southeast Asia, and has a unique colonial-era urban core that is remarkably intact. The colonial-era commercial core is centered around the Sule Pagoda, which is reputed to be over 2,000 years old. The city is also home to the gilded Shwedagon Pagoda – Myanmar's most sacred and famous Buddhist pagoda. Yangon suffers from deeply inadequate infrastructure, especially compared to other major cities in Southeast Asia, such as Jakarta, Bangkok or Hanoi. Though many historic residential and commercial buildings have been renovated throughout central Yangon, most satellite towns that ring the city continue to be profoundly impoverished and lack basic infrastructure. The name Yangon () is derived from the combination of the Burmese words yan (ရန်) and koun (ကုန်), which mean 'enemies' and 'run out of', respectively. This word combination can be translated as 'End of Strife'. The name is pronounced ˌjæŋˈɡɒn in British English and ˌjɑːnˈɡoʊn in American English. List of name changes in Yangon Yangon was founded as Dagon in the early 11th century (1028–1043) by the Mon people, who inhabited Lower Burma at that time. Dagon became an important pilgrimage pagoda town, starting in the 14th century, during the Hanthawaddy Kingdom. Notable governors of Dagon included Princess Maha Dewi, who ruled the town from 1364 to 1392, and her grandniece, Shin Saw Pu, who later became the only female queen regnant in Burmese history. Queen Saw Pu built a palace next to the Shwedagon Pagoda in the town in 1460 and spent her semi-retired life at that palace until her death in 1471.

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Tatmadaw

The Tatmadaw (, taʔmədɔ̀, Grand Army) is the military of Myanmar (formerly Burma). It is administered by the Ministry of Defence and composed of the Myanmar Army, the Myanmar Navy and the Myanmar Air Force. Auxiliary services include the Myanmar Police Force, the Border Guard Forces, the Myanmar Coast Guard, and the People's Militia Units. Since independence in 1948, the Tatmadaw has faced significant ethnic insurgencies, especially in Chin, Kachin, Kayin, Kayah, and Shan states.

Mandalay

Mandalay (ˌmændəˈleɪ or ˈmændəleɪ; mándəlé) is the second-largest city in Myanmar, after Yangon. Located on the east bank of the Irrawaddy River, 631 km (392 miles) (Road Distance) north of Yangon, the city has a population of 1,225,553 (2014 census). Mandalay was founded in 1857 by King Mindon, replacing Amarapura as the new royal capital of the Konbaung dynasty. It was Burma's final royal capital before the kingdom's annexation by the British Empire in 1885.

Bamar people

The Bamar People (, bəmà lùmjó; also known as the Mranma), are a Southeast Asian ethnic group native to Myanmar. They are a Sino-Tibetan ethnic group of approximately 35 million people who constitute Myanmar's largest ethnic group, accounting for 68% of the country's population. The geographic homeland of the Bamar is the Irrawaddy River basin. Burmese is the native language of the Bamar, as well as the national language and lingua franca of Myanmar.

Renouer avec la rue.Trilogie d’espaces publics à Yangon (Myanmar)

Yangon, 7.3 millions d’habitants et 0.37 m2 d’espace public par habitant: dix fois moins que ses voisines Bangkok ou Singapour. Depuis la fin du XXe siècle, la ville s’étend, les voitures affluent et le paysage urbain si particulier, issu d’une cohabitation entre habitants, vendeurs de rue, transports et végétation incontrôlée, évolue. Le projet consiste en une trilogie d’interventions le long de Pyay Road, l’un des principaux axes routiers de Yangon, visant à souligner le caractère public potentiel des sites choisis. Le climat – mousson ou soleil ardent – est une donnée cruciale dans le projet: la recherche d’ombre comme catalyseur social, la figure du toit comme point de départ du dessin. Trois espaces publics projetés dans des environnements urbains différenciés. Le premier s’insère dans un alignement des symboles du pouvoir: la pagode Shwedagon et le Parlement régional. Un portique crée une entrée monumentale au plus grand parc de la ville et accueille une séquence d’espaces ouverts. Le second s’ancre dans un contexte plus civil, dont le centre des activités est interrompu par le trafic dense. Une place à un niveau intermédiaire, attachée à une structure existante de route surélevée et reliant deux parcs se faisant face. Elle est à la fois plateforme et toit, circulation et lieu de repos. Le troisième définit un centre civique pour l’université. Percevoir l’avenue scindant le campus, non comme limite mais comme axe auquel s’attachent des fonctions publiques, dont un parc pour flâner.

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