Green data center

Summary

A green data center, or sustainable data center, is a service facility which utilizes energy-efficient technologies. They do not contain obsolete systems (such as inactive or underused servers), and take advantage of newer, more efficient technologies. With the exponential growth and usage of the Internet, power consumption in data centers has increased significantly. Due to the resulting environmental impact, increase in public awareness, higher cost of energy and legislative action, increased pressure has been placed on companies to follow a green policy. For these reasons, the creation of sustainable data centers has become essential in an environmental and a business sense. Energy use The use of high-performance computing techniques has increased, trading energy consumption for increased performance. Industry estimates suggest that data centers consume three to five percent of the world's global energy. According to an AFCOM State of the Data Center survey, 70 percent

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https://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Green_data_center

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This chapter presents an optimization framework to manage green datacenters using multilevel energy reduction techniques in a joint approach. A green datacenter exploits renewable energy sources and active Uninterruptible Power Supply (UPS) units to reduce the energy intake from the grid while improving its Quality of Service (QoS). At server level, the state-of-the-art correlation-aware Virtual Machines (VMs) consolidation technique allows to maximize server’s energy efficiency. At system level, heterogeneous Energy Storage Systems (ESS) replace standard UPSs, while a dedicated optimization strategy aims at maximizing the lifetime of the battery banks and to reduce the energy bill, considering the load of the servers. Results demonstrate, under different number of VMs in the system, up to 11.6% energy savings, 10.4% improvement of QoS compared to existing correlation-aware VM allocation schemes for datacenters and up to 96% electricity bill savings.

Springer2017

Free Cooling-Aware Dynamic Power Management for Green Datacenters

David Atienza Alonso, Jungsoo Kim, Martino Ruggiero

Free cooling, i.e., directly using outside cold air and/or water to cool down datacenters, can provide significant power savings of datacenters. However, due to the limited cooling capability, which is tightly coupled with climate conditions, free cooling is currently used only in limited locations (e.g., North Europe) and periods of the year. Moreover, the applicability of free cooling is further restricted along with the conservative assumption on workload characteristics and the virtual machine (VM) consolidation technique as they require to provision higher cooling capability. This paper presents a dynamic power management scheme, which extends the applicability of free cooling by judiciously consolidating VMs exploiting time-varying workload characteristics of datacenter as well as climate conditions, in order to minimize the power consumption of the entire datacenter while satisfying service-level agreement (SLA) requirements. Additionally, we propose the use of a receding horizon control scheme in order to prevent frequent cooling mode transitions. Experimental results show that the proposed solution provides up to 25.7% power savings compared to conventional free cooling decision schemes, which uses free cooling only when the outside temperature is lower than predefined threshold temperature.

IEEE Press2012

ECOGreen: Electricity Cost Optimization for Green Datacenters in Emerging Power Markets

David Atienza Alonso, Ayse Kivilcim Coskun, Ali Pahlevan, Marina Zapater Sancho

Modern datacenters need to tackle efficiently the increasing demand for computing resources while minimizing energy usage and monetary costs. Power market operators have recently introduced emerging demand-response programs, in which electricity consumers regulate their power usage following provider requests to reduce monetary costs. Among different programs, regulation service (RS) reserves are particularly promising for datacenters due to the high credit gain possibilities and datacenters’ flexibility in regulating their power consumption. Therefore, it is essential to develop bidding strategies for datacenters to participate in emerging power markets together with power management policies that are aware of power market requirements at runtime. In this paper we propose ECOGreen, a holistic strategy to jointly optimize the datacenter RS problem and virtual machine (VM) allocation that satisfies the hour-ahead power market constraints in the presence of electrical energy storage (EES) and renewable energy. We first find the best power and reserve bidding values as well as the number of active servers in a fast analytical way that works well in practice. Then, we present an online adaptive policy that modulates datacenter power consumption by controlling VMs CPU resource limits and efficiently utilizing demand-side EES and renewable power, while guaranteeing quality-of-service (QoS) constraints. Our results demonstrate that ECOGreen can provide 76% of the datacenter power consumption on average as reserves to the market, due to largely operating on renewable sources and EES. This translates into ECOGreen saving up to 71% electricity costs when compared to other state-of-the-art datacenter electricity cost minimization techniques that participate in the power market.

2020