Stakeholder analysis in conflict resolution, business administration, environmental health sciences decision making, industrial ecology, public administration, and project management is the process of assessing a system and potential changes to it as they relate to relevant and interested parties known as stakeholders. This information is used to assess how the interests of those stakeholders should be addressed in a project plan, policy, program, or other action. Stakeholder analysis is a key part of stakeholder management. A stakeholder analysis of an issue consists of weighing and balancing all of the competing demands on a firm by each of those who have a claim on it, in order to arrive at the firm's obligation in a particular case. A stakeholder analysis does not preclude the interests of the stakeholders overriding the interests of the other stakeholders affected, but it ensures that all affected will be considered.
Stakeholder analysis is frequently used during the preparation phase of a project to assess the attitudes of the stakeholders regarding the potential changes. Stakeholder analysis can be done once or on a regular basis to track changes in stakeholder attitudes over time.
Types of stakeholders include:
Primary stakeholders: those ultimately most affected, either positively or negatively by an organization's actions
Secondary stakeholders: the "intermediaries," that is, persons or organizations who are indirectly affected by an organization's actions
Tertiary stakeholders: those who will be impacted the least
Other types of stakeholders:
Key stakeholders: those with significant influence upon or importance within an organization; can also belong to the other groups
The following list identifies some of the best known and most commonly used methods for stakeholder mapping:
Cameron et al. defined a process for ranking stakeholders based on needs and the relative importance of stakeholders to others in the network.
Fletcher et al. defined a process for mapping stakeholder expectations based on value hierarchies and key performance indicators.
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