Shebelle RiverThe Shebelle River (Webi Shabeelle, نهر شبيلي, እደላ) begins in the highlands of Ethiopia, and then flows southeast into Somalia towards Mogadishu. Near Mogadishu, it turns sharply southwest, where it follows the coast. Below Mogadishu, the river becomes seasonal. During most years, the river dries up near the mouth of the Jubba River, while in seasons of heavy rainfall, the river actually reaches the Jubba and thus the ocean. The Shebelle river's name is derived from the Somali term Webi Shabeelle, meaning "Leopard River".
JowharJowhar (Jowhar, جوهر) is the capital city of Hirshabelle state of Somalia. Jowhar is also the administrative capital of Middle Shabelle region of Somalia. Along with Baidoa, it used to form the joint administrative capital of the Transitional Federal Government, which it captured from the Islamic Courts Union. The city lies 90 km (50 mi) along a major road north of the national capital of Mogadishu. During the Middle Ages, Jowhar and much of the surrounding area in southern Somalia was governed by the Ajuran Empire.
BanaadirBanaadir (Banaadir, بنادر, Benadir) is an administrative region (gobol) in southeastern Somalia. It covers the same area as the city of Mogadishu, which serves as the capital. It is bordered to the northwest by the Shabelle river, and to the southeast by the Indian Ocean. Although by far the smallest administrative region in Somalia, it has the largest population, estimated at 1,650,227 (including 369,288 internally displaced persons) in 2014.
Somali studiesSomali studies is the scholarly term for research concerning Somalis and Greater Somalia. It consists of several disciplines such as anthropology, sociology, linguistics, historiography and archaeology. The field draws from old Somali chronicles, records and oral literature, in addition to written accounts and traditions about Somalis from explorers and geographers in the Horn of Africa and the Middle East. The Somali Studies International Association is the primary organization for Somalist scholars.
Constitution of SomaliaThe Provisional Constitution of the Federal Republic of Somalia (Dastuurka Jamhuuriyadda Federaalka Soomaaliya) is the supreme law of Somalia. It provides the legal foundation for the existence of the Federal Republic and source of legal authority. It sets out the rights and duties of its citizens, and defines the structure of government. The Provisional Constitution was adopted on August 1, 2012 by a National Constitutional Assembly in Mogadishu, Banaadir.
Transitional Federal Parliament of SomaliaThe Transitional Federal Parliament of the Somali Republic (TFP) (Golaha Shacabka Federaalka Kumeelgaarka ee Jamhuuriyada Soomaaliya; often Baarlamaanka Federaalka Soomaaliya) was the national parliament of Somalia from 2004 until 2012. In a 2008 report called 'So Much to Fear' Human Rights Watch accused the Transitional Federal Government of human rights abuses and war crimes which include murder, rape, assault, and looting. The report also states that the TFG police force had also been implicated in arbitrary arrests of ordinary civilians in order to extort ransoms from their families.
Dervish movement (Somali)The Dervish Movement (Dhaqdhaqaaqa Daraawiish) was a popular movement between 1896 and 1925, which was led by the Salihiyya Sufi Muslim poet and militant leader Mohammed Abdullah Hassan, also known as Sayyid Mohamed, who called for independence from the British and Italian colonies and the defeat of Ethiopian forces. The Dervish movement aimed to remove the British and Italian influence from the region and restore the "Sufi system of governance with Sufi education as its foundation", according to Mohamed-Rahis Hasan and Salada Robleh.
GalkayoGalkayo (Gaalkacyo, جالكعيو ) is the third-largest city in Somalia which serves as the capital of the north-central Mudug region. The city is divided into two administrative areas separated by a loose boundary. Geographically, Galkayo is divided into four main quarters: Garsoor, Horumar, Israac, and Wadajir. Puntland fully controls Garsoor, Israac, and Horumar (The neutral areas are sited by the Old Galkayo market and the loose boundary, while Galmudug controls Wadajir in the South.
Somali architectureSomali architecture is the engineering and designing of multiple different construction types such as stone cities, castles, citadels, fortresses, mosques, temples, aqueducts, lighthouses, towers and tombs during the ancient, medieval and early modern periods in Somalia and other regions inhabited by Somalis, as well as the fusion of Somalo-Islamic architecture with Western designs in contemporary times. Some of the oldest known structures in the territory of modern-day Somalia consist of burial cairns (taalo).
