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Concept
Anadenanthera peregrina
Summary
Anadenanthera peregrina, also known as yopo, jopo, cohoba, parica or calcium tree, is a perennial tree of the genus Anadenanthera native to the Caribbean and South America. It grows up to tall, and has a horny bark. Its flowers grow in small, pale yellow to white spherical clusters resembling Acacia (e.g. wattle) inflorescences. It is an entheogen which has been used in healing ceremonies and rituals for thousands of years in northern South America and the Caribbean. Although the seeds of the yopo tree were originally gathered from the wild, increased competition between tribes over access to the seeds led to it being intentionally cultivated and transported elsewhere, expanding the plant's distribution through introduction to areas beyond its original native range.
This plant is almost identical to that of a related tree, Anadenanthera colubrina, commonly known as cebíl or vilca. The beans of A. colubrina have a similar chemical makeup as Anadenanthera peregrina, with their primary constituent being bufotenin.
Anadenanthera peregrina var. falcata
Anadenanthera peregrina var. peregrina
The wood from A. peregrina produces very hard timber that is used for making furniture. It has a Janka rating of 3700 lb. and a density of around 0.86 g/cm3. Tannins have also been derived from this plant.
The beans (sometimes called seeds) and falling leaves are hallucinogenic and are toxic to cattle.
Chemical compounds contained in A. peregrina include:
2,9-dimethyltryptoline – plant
2-methyltryptoline – plant
5-MeO-DMT – bark, bean
5-Methoxy-N-methyltryptamine – bark
Bufotenin – plant beans
Bufotenin-oxide – fruit, beans
Catechol – plant
Leucoanthocyanin – plant
Leucopelargonidol – plant
DMT – fruit, beans, pods, bark
DMT-oxide – fruit
N-Methyltryptamine – bark
Orientin – leaf
Saponarentin – leaf
Viterine – leaf
The bark contains a high percentage of tannins, 587 mg CE/g extract.
Archaeological evidence shows Anadenanthera beans have been used as hallucinogens for thousands of years.
Official source
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