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Rochdale (ˈrɒtʃdeɪl ) is a town in Greater Manchester, England, and the administrative centre of the Metropolitan Borough of Rochdale. In the 2021 census the town had a population of 111,261, compared to 223,773 for the wider borough. Rochdale is in the foothills of the South Pennines and lies in the dale (valley) of the River Roch, northwest of Oldham and northeast of Manchester. Rochdale's recorded history begins with an entry in the Domesday Book of 1086 as "Recedham Manor". The ancient parish of Rochdale was a division of the Salford Hundred and one of the larger ecclesiastical parishes in England, comprising several townships. By 1251, the town had become of such importance that it was granted a royal charter. The town became a centre of northern England's woollen trade, and by the early 18th century was described as being "remarkable for its many wealthy merchants". In the 19th century it became a mill town and centre for textile manufacture during the Industrial Revolution. The town is historically within Lancashire, and was a county borough within the county prior to 1974. The town is recorded as Recedham in the Domesday Book and Rachetham in 1193. Variations of Rechedham continue into the thirteenth century when the first element's termination is dropped as Rachedam became Racheham. This change was soon followed with the suffix -ham (homestead) changing to -dale (wide valley). Rachdale is recorded as a name for the town in 1242, but may have been used earlier as a name for the valley, Hundred and Parish. The Domesday Book's rendering of the name led Eilert Ekwall to suggest a derivation from reced, an obscure Old English element meaning "hall". Although the name of the river is still pronounced roʊtʃ (with a long vowel sound), Rochdale is pronounced ˈrɒtʃdeɪl (with a shorter o sound). A Roman road, leading from Mamucium (Manchester) to Eboracum (York), crossed the moors at Blackstone Edge.

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