Brazilian Portuguese (português brasileiro poʁtʊˈɡe(j)z bɾazɪˈlejɾʊ ), also Portuguese of Brazil (português do Brasil, poʁtʊˈɡe(j)z dʊ bɾɐˈziw ) or South American Portuguese (português sul-americano) is the set of varieties of the Portuguese language native to Brazil and the most influential form of Portuguese worldwide. It is spoken by almost all of the 203 million inhabitants of Brazil and spoken widely across the Brazilian diaspora, today consisting of about two million Brazilians who have emigrated to other countries. With a population of over 203 million, Brazil is by far the world's largest Portuguese-speaking nation and the only one in the Americas.
Brazilian Portuguese differs, particularly in phonology and prosody, from varieties spoken in Portugal and Portuguese-speaking African countries. In these latter countries, the language tends to have a closer connection to contemporary European Portuguese, partly because Portuguese colonial rule ended much more recently there than in Brazil, and partly due to the heavy indigenous and African influence on Brazilian Portuguese. Despite this difference between the spoken varieties, Brazilian and European Portuguese differ little in formal writing and remain mutually intelligible. However, due to the two reasons mentioned above, the gap between the written, formal language and the spoken language is much wider in Brazilian Portuguese than in European Portuguese.
In 1990, the Community of Portuguese Language Countries (CPLP), which included representatives from all countries with Portuguese as the official language, reached an agreement on the reform of the Portuguese orthography to unify the two standards then in use by Brazil on one side and the remaining Portuguese-speaking countries on the other. This spelling reform went into effect in Brazil on 1 January 2009. In Portugal, the reform was signed into law by the President on 21 July 2008 allowing for a 6-year adaptation period, during which both orthographies co-existed. All of the CPLP countries have signed the reform.
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Galician (ɡəˈlɪʃən, ɡəˈlɪsiən; galego), also known as Galego, is a Western Ibero-Romance language. Around 2.4 million people have at least some degree of competence in the language, mainly in Galicia, an autonomous community located in northwestern Spain, where it has official status along with Spanish. The language is also spoken in some border zones of the neighbouring Spanish regions of Asturias and Castile and León, as well as by Galician migrant communities in the rest of Spain, in Latin America including Puerto Rico, the United States, Switzerland and elsewhere in Europe.
Old Tupi, Ancient Tupi or Classical Tupi is an extinct Tupian language which was spoken by the aboriginal Tupi people of Brazil, mostly those who inhabited coastal regions in South and Southeast Brazil. It belongs to the Tupi–Guarani language family, and has a written history spanning the 16th, 17th, and early 18th centuries. In the early colonial period, Tupi was used as a lingua franca throughout Brazil by Europeans and aboriginal Americans, and had literary usage, but it was later suppressed almost to extinction.
The culture of Brazil can largely be attributed to the cultural mixing that occurred between the Indigenous peoples, Portuguese colonizers and Africans primarily during the Brazilian colonial period. In the late 19th and early 20th centuries, Brazil received a significant number of immigrants, primarily of Portuguese, Italian and Spanish origin, which along with smaller numbers of Germans, Austrians, Arabs, Japanese, Poles and Ukrainians gave a relevant contribution to the formation of regional cultures in Brazil, and thus contributed to its current existence as a plural and racially diverse society.
Générée aussi bien par la grille du projet de Zweifel pour la première étape de l’EPFL que par la typologie traditionnelle des campus anglo-saxons, la matrice construit avec la même clarté les vides et les pleins. Elle forme un fond bâti neutre pour l’écol ...
2018
Como ações pessoais, aparentemente caóticas, podem gerar os imensos sistemas de interações em que vivemos? Neste artigo, buscamos responder a esta pergunta sugerindo que há um papel para as cidades, na forma de coordenar nossas ações. Investigamos esse pro ...
Parental Training is a methodology where therapists teach caregivers how to train their kids in specific behaviors practicing. It can be used in verbal behavior acquisition for children with autism mediated by the parents. In this paper, we are presenting ...