Mamoudou Gazibo OON is a Nigerien political scientist. He is a professor of political science at the Université de Montréal. He studies comparative political institutions and democratisation across African countries. Gazibo attended Montesquieu University in Bordeaux, where he graduated in 1994 with a political science degree. He continued to study there, and in 1995 completed a graduate diploma in political science, followed by a doctorate in political science in 1998. After finishing his doctorate, Gazibo became a post-doctoral researcher at the Université de Montréal. In 2000, he joined the faculty of political science, first as an adjoint professor, and then in 2006 became a Professeur agrégé and in 2012 a Professeur titulaire (a full professor). In 2005, Gazibo published the book Les paradoxes de la démocratisation en Afrique. The book studies politics in African countries using a neo-institutionalist framework, focusing on how formal and informal rules constrain group and individual behaviour including through the presences of incentives and strategies. Gazibo particularly focuses on the cases of Benin and Niger, and on the interaction between economics and politics. Gazibo specifically investigates the determinants of democratisation, stressing the importance of incentive structures, political institutions, and economic conditions which are favourable to the emergence of democracy. In 2006, Gazibo wrote Introduction à la politique africaine, which is a textbook intended to introduce the study of African politics. The book is divided into three sections: the first on methodology in African studies, the second on the structure of government, and the third on the challenges of governance. Introduction à la politique africaine was reprinted in a second edition in 2010. Gazbio published the book Un nouvel ordre mondial made in China? with Roromme Chantal in 2011. They study the history of political consolidation in China leading up to its development as a world power in industry and manufacturing.