Tây Sơn wars

The Tây Sơn wars or Tây Sơn rebellion, often known as the Vietnamese civil war of 1771–1802, were a series of military conflicts association followed the Vietnamese peasant uprising of Tây Sơn led three brothers Nguyễn Nhạc, Nguyễn Huệ, and Nguyễn Lữ. They began in 1771 and ended in 1802 when Nguyễn Phúc Ánh or Emperor Gia Long, a descendant of the Nguyễn lord, defeated the Tây Sơn and reunited Đại Việt, then renamed the country to Vietnam. The Tây Sơn rebellion was a peasant revolution led by three brothers Nguyễn Nhạc, Nguyễn Huệ, and Nguyễn Lữ. Started from central Vietnam in 1771, the revolutionary forces grew and later overthrew the ruling Vietnamese elite families and the ruling dynasty, then the Tây Sơn leaders installed themselves as rulers of Vietnam that held power until they were overthrown by Nguyễn Phúc Ánh, a descendant of the Nguyễn lord who previously was overthrown by the Tây Sơn. The environmental and other crises that debilitated Đại Việt in the second half of the eighteenth century had their counterparts in the other major regions of mainland Southeast Asia. In 1752 and 1767–82, respectively, the powerful neighboring kingdoms of Burma and Siam both collapsed, giving way to energetic new dynasties there. What happened in Đại Việt was similar but more complex and prolonged. As historian Alexander Woodside has written: “If mainland Southeast Asia was a crossroad of civilizations, ...traditional Vietnam was a crossroad within this crossroad, especially after it had seized the Mekong delta.” The three geographic regions of Đại Việt were culturally diverse, and they proved difficult to combine into a single polity for the first time. The tumultuous military history of the three-decade conflict known as the Tây Sơn rebellion reflected this extraordinary cultural variety and the chaotically rapid changes that convulsed early modern Vietnamese society in a period of ecological crisis. The origin of the conflicts was back to the 15th century, when Vietnamese monarch Lê Thánh Tông (r.