Fagradalsfjall

Fagradalsfjall (ˈfaɣraˌtalsˌfjatl̥) is an active tuya volcano formed in the Last Glacial Period on the Reykjanes Peninsula, around from Reykjavík, Iceland. Fagradalsfjall is also the name for the wider volcanic system covering an area wide and long between the Svartsengi ˈsvar̥(t)sˌeiɲcɪ and Krýsuvík systems. The highest summit in this area is Langhóll ˈlauŋkˌhoutl̥ (). No volcanic eruption had occurred for 815 years on the Reykjanes Peninsula until 19 March 2021 when a fissure vent appeared in Geldingadalir to the south of Fagradalsfjall mountain. The 2021 eruption was effusive and continued emitting fresh lava sporadically until 18 September 2021. The eruption was unique among the volcanoes monitored in Iceland so far and it has been suggested that it could develop into a shield volcano. Due to its relative ease of access from Reykjavík, the volcano has become an attraction for local people and foreign tourists. Another eruption, very similar to the 2021 eruption, began on 3 August 2022, and ceased on 21 August 2022. A third eruption appeared to the north of Fagradalsfjall near Litli-Hrútur ˈlɪhtlɪ-ˌr̥uːtʏr̥ on 10 July 2023, and ended on 5 August 2023. The name is a compound of the Icelandic words 'fagur' ("fair", "beautiful"), 'dalur' ("dale", "valley") and 'fjall' ("fell", "mountain"). The mountain massif is named after Fagridalur (ˈfaɣrɪˌtaːlʏr̥, "fair dale" or "beautiful valley") which is at its northwest. The 2021 lava field is named Fagradalshraun ˈfaɣraˌtalsˌr̥œiːn. The mountain Fagradalsfjall is a volcano in areas of eruptive fissures, cones and lava fields also named Fagradalsfjall. The Fagradalsfjall fissure swarm was considered in some publications to be a branch or a secondary part of the Krýsuvík-Trölladyngja volcanic system on the Reykjanes Peninsula in southwest Iceland, but scientists now consider Fagradalsfjall to be a separate volcanic system from Krýsuvík and it is regarded as such in some publications. It is in a zone of active rifting at the divergent boundary between the Eurasian and North American plates.