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Fundamental aspects and state-of-the-art results of thermal scanning probe lithography (t-SPL) are reviewed here. t-SPL is an emerging direct-write nanolithography method with many unique properties which enable original or improved nano-patterning in appl ...
Chiral optical switches, which use light to control chirality in a reversible manner, offer unique properties and fascinating prospects in the areas of molecular switching and responsive systems, new photochromic materials and molecular data processing and ...
An innovative high-field superconducting magnet of Canted-Cosine-Theta (CCT) type has been proposed for Future Circular Collider 16 T dipole magnet design. The unique mechanical structure intercepts the accumulated forces lowering the stress on the winding ...
Helicon current drive (CD), also called fast wave CD in the lower hybrid range of frequencies, has long been regarded as a promising CD tool for reactor grade plasmas. A newly installed MW-level system at DIII-D will be the first test of this technology in ...
As a basic and effective tool for explanation, prediction and decision making, causal relationships have been utilized in almost all disciplines. Traditionally, causal relationships are identified by making use of interventions or randomized controlled exp ...
Making decisions is part and parcel of being human. Among a set of actions, we want to choose the one that has the highest reward. But the uncertainty of the outcome prevents us from always making the right decision. Making decisions under uncertainty can ...
Cyanine dyes represent a class of ionic functional materials used by a broad heterogeneous science community contain-ing biologists, chemists, physicists and materials scientists. Their diverse application opportunities are ranging from fluorescence marker ...
Nuclear fusion power plants require electron cyclotron (EC) heating and current drive (H&CD) systems for plasma heating and stabilization. High-power microwave beams between 1 and 2?MW generated by gyrotrons propagate in a dedicated waveguide transmission ...
Cyclodextrins (CDs) are oligosaccharides composed of six (α), seven (β) or eight (γ) glucose units. Their inner hydrophobic cavity and hydrophilic external surface enable the formation of the “host-guest inclusion complex” with different organic or inorgan ...
We introduce a novel class of credit risk models in which the drift of the survival process of a firm is a linear function of the factors. The prices of defaultable bonds and credit default swaps (CDS) are linear-rational in the factors. The price of a CDS ...
