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Concept
Chetumal Province
Summary
Chetumal, or the Province of Chetumal (ˌtSEtUˈmA:l , u kuchkabal Chetumal, u kutʃkaˈbal tʃetuˈmal), was a Postclassic Maya state of the Yucatan Peninsula, in the Maya Lowlands.The Chetumal Province has been called a chiefdom by some authors. A distinction has been made, however, between chiefdoms and states, the latter being characterised by more complex forms of sociopolitical organisation than the former (, ). Accordingly, the province is herein designated a state, and not a chiefdom.
The first settlements in Chetumal were established by Palaeo-indians before 8000 BC, during the Lithic Period of Mesoamerica. The first permanent settlements in Chetumal are believed to have been established by Maya farmers from the Guatemalan highlands by 2000 BC, during the Archaic period of Mesoamerica. The first state or province encompassing Maya settlements in Chetumal is presumed to have been formed by 100 AD, during the Late Preclassic period of Mesoamerica.
Classic Maya collapse
The completion of the Classic Maya collapse in Yucatan saw both the formation of Maya provinces and the imperial expansion of Chichen Itza over these provinces, or their constituent cities. The collapse does not seem to have been catastrophic in the (future) territory of Chetumal. At least twenty-five settlements in the area are known to have survived, most likely by reorienting economic activity towards the Chichen Itza-driven coasting trade.Namely–
on New River – Cerros, Aventura, Lamanai, San Estevan, Chau Hiix, and one unnamed site (, ),
on Hondo River – Nohmul, Consejo, Chan Chen, San Antonio ,
on Corozal Bay – Santa Rita (, ),
inland – Altun Ha, Colha, Honey Camp Lagoon / Laguna de On, Kichpanha (, ),
on Ambergris Caye – Marco Gonzalez, San Juan, Chac Balam ,
on Northern River Lagoon – Cabbage Ridge / Saktunja ,
on Progresso Lagoon – Caye Coco, and five unnamed sites .
There is, nonetheless, evidence of limited social upheaval.
Official source
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