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Concept
Moriya (tribe)
Summary
Moriya (Pāli: Moriya) was an ancient Indo-Aryan tribe of northeastern South Asia whose existence is attested during the Iron Age. The Moriyas were organised into a (an aristocratic oligarchic republic), presently referred to as the Moriya Republic.
The Moriyas lived to the northeast of Kosala, from which they were separated by the Anomā or Rāptī river. The Moriyas' western neighbours were the Koliyas, while the Mallakas lived to their east, and the Sarayū river was their southern border.
The capital of the Moriyas was Pipphalivana, which the 7th century CE Chinese pilgrim Xuanzang later referred to by the name of Nyagrodhavana.
The Moriyas originally obtained their name from the Mora (peacock) because the peacock was their totem.
Like the other republican tribes neighbouring them, the Moriyas were an Indo-Aryan tribe in the eastern Gangetic plain in the Greater Magadha cultural region.
After the death of the Buddha, the Moriyas claimed a share of his relics from the Mallakas of Kusinārā, in whose territory he had passed away and had been cremated. The Moriyas received the embers from the Buddha's cremation, which they then enclosed within a stūpa in their capital of Pipphalivana.
King Ajātasattu of Magadha annexed The Moriyas soon after he had annexed the Vajjika League.
The Moriya tribe were the ancestors of the Maurya dynasty who under the leadership of Candagutta Moriya in the 4th century BCE seized power in the Magadha empire. Candagutta and his descendants would expand Magadha's empire so that it at one point ruled most of South Asia.
Under the reign of Candagutta's grandson Asoka, who was a patron of Buddhism, Buddhist writers attempted to connect Asoka to the Buddha by claiming that his ancestral tribe, the Moriyas, were descended from Sakyas who had fled from the Kauśalya king Viḍūḍabha's annexation of their state by fleeing into the mountains.
Official source
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