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Concept
Kauai
Summary
Kauai (kɐwˈwɐʔi), anglicized as Kauai (ˈkaʊaɪ or kɑːˈwɑː.iː ), is geologically the second-oldest of the main Hawaiian Islands (after Niʻihau). With an area of 562.3 square miles (1,456.4 km2), it is the fourth-largest of the islands and the 21st-largest island in the United States. Nicknamed the Garden Isle, Kauai lies 73 miles (117 km) across the Kauai Channel, northwest of Oahu. It is the site of Waimea Canyon State Park and the Na Pali Coast State Park.
The United States Census Bureau defines Kauai as census tracts 401 through 409 of Kauai County, Hawaii, which comprises all of the county except the islands of Kaʻula, Lehua and Niihau. The 2020 United States census population of the island was 73,298. The most populous town is Kapaa.
Hawaiian narrative derives the name's origin from the legend of Hawaiiloa, the Polynesian navigator credited with discovering the Hawaiian Islands. The story relates that he named the island of Kauai after a favorite son; a possible translation of Kauai is "place around the neck", describing how a father would carry his child. Another possible translation is "food season".
Kauai was known for its distinct dialect of the Hawaiian language, which still survives on Niihau. While the standard language today is based on the dialect of Hawaii island, which has no [t] sound, the Kauai dialect had this sound. This happened because the Kauai dialect had retained the old Polynesian /t/ sound, which has changed in the "standard" Hawaii dialect to [k]. This difference applies to all words with these sounds, so the native name for Kauai was pronounced "Tauai", and Kapaa was pronounced "Tapaa".
Polynesian inhabitants settled on the island hundreds of years before Europeans arrived, as shown by excavations dating to as early as 200 A.D. to 600 A.D. These first inhabitants, originally from the Marquesas Islands, lived undisturbed for around five centuries until a second wave of seafarers arrived by sea-canoe from Tahiti. Many Hawaiian traditions and belief structures are rooted in the religion and practices that arrived with these Tahitians.
Official source
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