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Concept
Pancasila (politics)
Summary
Pancasila (pantʃaˈsila) is the official, foundational philosophical theory of Indonesia. The name is made from two words originally derived from Sanskrit: "pañca" ("five") and "śīla" ("principles", "precepts").
It is composed of five principles:
Ketuhanan yang Maha Esa (Belief in the one and only God)
Kemanusiaan yang adil dan beradab (Just and civilized humanity)
Persatuan Indonesia (The unity of Indonesia)
Kerakyatan yang dipimpin oleh hikmat kebijaksanaan dalam permusyawaratan/perwakilan (Democracy guided by the inner wisdom in the unanimity arising out of deliberations among representatives)
Keadilan sosial bagi seluruh rakyat Indonesia (Social justice for the whole of the people of Indonesia)
The legal formulation of Pancasila is contained in the fourth paragraph of the preamble of the Constitution of Indonesia.
In 1942, the Empire of Japan invaded and occupied the Dutch East Indies. Following setbacks in the Pacific War, the Japanese promised future self-government for Indonesia and in September 1943, established the Central Advisory Council (CAC) in Java, chaired by pre-war independence activist Sukarno. On 15 November 1944, at the fourth session of the CAC, Sukarno gave a speech listing five guidelines for life for the Indonesian nation. These had been produced by a committee headed by Sukarno, and were dubbed the "Five Obligations" (Panca Dharma). They were:
we together with other nations in Greater East Asia are lifelong allies of Japan;
we will establish a nation of Free Indonesia, with full respect for the service/assistance from Japan and will remain a member of the Co-Prosperity Sphere;
we will endeavor to advance high morality and our culture;
we will give eternal service to the nation and people with all our strength and with devotion to Allah;
based on the Japanese principle (Hakkō ichiu), we will strive to build eternal peace.
On 1 March 1945, the Japanese 16th Army, which was responsible for Java during the Japanese occupation of the Dutch East Indies, announced the establishment of the Investigating Committee for Preparatory Work for Independence (BPUPK) to work on "preparations for independence in the region of the government of this island of Java.
Official source
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