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Concept
Panitumumab
Summary
Panitumumab, sold under the brand name Vectibix, is a fully human monoclonal antibody specific to the epidermal growth factor receptor (also known as EGF receptor, EGFR, ErbB-1 and HER1 in humans).
Panitumumab is manufactured by Amgen and was originally developed by Abgenix Inc.
In 2014, Amgen and Illumina entered into an agreement to develop a companion diagnostic to accompany panitumumab.
Panitumumab was approved by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) for the first time in September 2006, for "the treatment of EGFR-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer with disease progression" despite prior treatment. Panitumumab was approved by the European Medicines Agency (EMEA) in 2007, and by Health Canada in 2008, for "the treatment of refractory EGFR-expressing metastatic colorectal cancer in patients with non-mutated (wild-type) KRAS".
Panitumumab was the first monoclonal antibody to demonstrate the use of KRAS as a predictive biomarker.
Panitumumab does not work in patients who have KRAS or NRAS mutations.
Panitumumab has been associated with skin rash, fatigue, nausea, diarrhea, fever, and decreased magnesium levels. Often, skin rash is noted in the sun exposed parts of the body, such as the face or chest. Oral antibiotics may be needed for worsening skin rash, such as one accompanied with blisters and ulcers. Otherwise, topical steroid creams like hydrocortisone may help.
Ocular toxicity or keratitis was observed in 16% of patients on panitumumab, usually necessitating the discontinuance of therapy.
In clinical trials, 90% of patients had dermatological toxicities and 15% of those were severe. Because of this, panitumumab has a boxed warning cautioning patients. Skin toxicities were typically apparent two weeks after beginning treatment. More severe skin toxicities were associated with improved progression free survival and overall survival.
Pulmonary fibrosis and interstitial lung disease were observed in clinical trials.
Epidermal growth factor receptor
EGFR is a transmembrane protein.
Official source
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