Middle schoolA middle school (also known as intermediate school, junior high school, junior secondary school, or lower secondary school) is an educational stage which exists in some countries, providing education between primary school and secondary school. The concept, regulation and classification of middle schools, as well as the ages covered, vary between and sometimes within countries. In Afghanistan, middle school includes grades 6, 7, and 8, consisting of students from ages 11 to 14.
SheikhSheikh (pronounced ʃeɪk or ʃiːk ; شيخ DIN ʃajx, commonly ʃeːx, plural شيوخ DIN ʃujuːx) is an honorific title in the Arabic language, literally meaning "Elder"; in a monarchical context it is also translated as "Lord/Master". It commonly designates a chief of a tribe or a royal family member in Arabian countries, or a Muslim religious scholar. It is also used as an honorary title by people claiming to be descended (either patrilineally or matrilineally) from Hasan ibn Ali or Husayn ibn Ali, grandsons of the Islamic prophet Muhammad.
TylosTylos (Τύλος) was the Greek exonym of ancient Bahrain in the classical era, during which the island was a center of maritime trade and pearling in the Erythraean Sea. The name Tylos is thought to be a Hellenisation of the Semitic Tilmun (from Dilmun). From the 6th to 3rd century BC Bahrain was part of the Persian Empire.
Arab LeagueThe Arab League (الجامعة العربية, al.d͡ʒaː.mi.ʕa al.ʕa.ra.bij.ja), formally the League of Arab States (جامعة الدول العربية, ), is a regional organization in the Arab world, which is located in North Africa, West Asia, and part of East Africa. The Arab League was formed in Cairo on 22 March 1945, initially with six members: Egypt, Iraq, Transjordan, Lebanon, Saudi Arabia, and Syria. Yemen joined as a member on 5 May 1945. Currently, the League has 22 members.
Safavid dynastyThe Safavid dynasty ('sæfəvɪd,_ˈsɑː-; Dudmâne Safavi, d̪uːd̪ˈmɒːne sæfæˈviː) was one of Iran's most significant ruling dynasties reigning from 1501 to 1736. Their rule is often considered the beginning of modern Iranian history, as well as one of the gunpowder empires. The Safavid Shāh Ismā'īl I established the Twelver denomination of Shīʿa Islam as the official religion of the Persian Empire, marking one of the most important turning points in the history of Islam.
Berlin–Baghdad railwayThe Baghdad railway, also known as the Berlin–Baghdad railway (Bağdat Demiryolu, Bagdadbahn, سكة حديد بغداد, Chemin de Fer Impérial Ottoman de Bagdad), was started in 1903 to connect Berlin with the then Ottoman city of Baghdad, from where the Germans wanted to establish a port on the Persian Gulf, with a line through modern-day Turkey, Syria, and Iraq. The line was completed only in 1940. By the outbreak of World War I, the railway was still 960 km (600 miles) away from its intended objective.
War reparationsWar reparations are compensation payments made after a war by one side to the other. They are intended to cover damage or injury inflicted during a war. Making one party pay a war indemnity is a common practice with a long history. Rome imposed large indemnities on Carthage after the First (Treaty of Lutatius) and Second Punic Wars. Some war reparations induced changes in monetary policy.
BasraBasra (al-Baṣrah) is a city in southern Iraq located on the Shatt al-Arab in the Arabian Peninsula. It had an estimated population of 1.4 million in 2018. Basra is also Iraq's main port, although it does not have deep water access, which is handled at the port of Umm Qasr. However, there is ongoing construction of Grand Faw Port on the coast of Basra, which is considered a national project for Iraq and will become one of the largest ports in the world and the largest in the Middle East, in addition, the port will strengthen Iraq’s geopolitical position in the region and the world.
CeasefireA ceasefire (also known as a truce or armistice), also spelled cease fire (the antonym of 'open fire'), is a temporary stoppage of a war in which each side agrees with the other to suspend aggressive actions. Ceasefires may be between state actors or involve non-state actors. Ceasefires may be declared as part of a formal treaty, but also as part of an informal understanding between opposing forces. They may occur via mediation or otherwise as part of a peace process or be imposed by United Nations Security Council resolutions via Chapter VII of the United Nations Charter.
EmirEmir (əˈmɪər,_eɪˈmɪər,_ˈeɪmɪər; أمير ʔaˈmiːr), sometimes transliterated amir, amier, or ameer, is a word of Arabic origin that can refer to a male monarch, aristocrat, holder of high-ranking military or political office, or other person possessing actual or ceremonial authority. The title has a long history of use in the Arab World, East Africa, West Africa, Central Asia, and the Indian subcontinent.
