Vector signal analyzer

A vector signal analyzer is an instrument that measures the magnitude and phase of the input signal at a single frequency within the IF bandwidth of the instrument. The primary use is to make in-channel measurements, such as error vector magnitude, code domain power, and spectral flatness, on known signals. Vector signal analyzers are useful in measuring and demodulating digitally modulated signals like W-CDMA, LTE, and WLAN. These measurements are used to determine the quality of modulation and can be used for design validation and compliance testing of electronic devices. Operation The vector signal analyzer spectrum analysis process typically has a down-convert & digitizing stage and a DSP & display stage. Down-convert and digitize stage A vector signal analyzer operates by first down-converting the signal spectra by using superheterodyne techniques. A portion of the input signal spectrum is down-converted (using a voltage-controlled oscillator and a mixer) to

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The course presents the detection of ionizing radiation in the keV and MeV energy ranges. Physical processes of radiation/matter interaction are introduced. All steps of detection are covered, as well as detectors, instrumentations and measurements methods commonly used in the nuclear field.

MICRO-311(a): Signals and systems II (for MT)

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MICRO-311(b): Signals and systems II (for SV)

Methods and systems for pin-efficient memory controller interface using vector signaling codes for chip-to-chip communications

Mohammad Amin Shokrollahi, Anant Pratap Singh

Systems and methods are described for transmitting data over physical channels to provide a high speed, low latency interface such as between a memory controller and memory devices. Controller-side and memory-side embodiments of such channel interfaces are disclosed which require a low pin count and have low power utilization. In some embodiments of the invention, different voltage, current, etc. levels are used for signaling and more than two levels may be used, such as a vector signaling code wherein each wire signal may take on one of four signal values.

2016

Methods and systems for skew tolerance in and advanced detectors for vector signaling codes for chip-to-chip communication

Mohammad Amin Shokrollahi, Anant Pratap Singh

Advanced detectors for vector signaling codes are disclosed which utilize multi-input comparators, generalized on-level slicing, reference generation based on maximum swing, and reference generation based on recent values. Vector signaling codes communicate information as groups of symbols which, when transmitted over multiple communications channels, may be received as mixed sets of symbols from different transmission groups due to propagation time variations between channels. Systems and methods are disclosed which compensate receivers and transmitters for these effects and/or utilize codes having increased immunity to such variations, and circuits are described that efficiently implement their component functions.

2016

Low EMI signaling for parallel conductor interfaces

Nicolae Chiurtu, Mohammad Amin Shokrollahi

Methods are disclosed for creation of vector signaling codes having reduced or minimized electromagnetic emissions when transmitted over multiple conductor communications media such as microstrip channels. Particular code formulation constraints are shown to correlate with physical propagation characteristics leading to beneficial cancellation of far fields from adjacent signal conductors, and the number of such constraints may be chosen to balance EMI characteristics with information encoding capacity in the resulting code.

2016