Walther Nernst

Walther Hermann Nernst (ˈvaltɐ ˈnɛʁnst; 25 June 1864 – 18 November 1941) was a German chemist known for his work in thermodynamics, physical chemistry, electrochemistry, and solid state physics. His formulation of the Nernst heat theorem helped pave the way for the third law of thermodynamics, for which he won the 1920 Nobel Prize in Chemistry. He is also known for developing the Nernst equation in 1887. Life and career Early years Nernst was born in Briesen in West Prussia (now Wąbrzeźno, Poland) to Gustav Nernst (1827–1888) and Ottilie Nerger (1833–1876). His father was a country judge. Nernst had three older sisters and one younger brother. His third sister died of cholera. Nernst went to elementary school at Graudenz (now Grudziądz). He studied physics and mathematics at the universities of Zürich, Berlin, Graz and Würzburg, where he received his doctorate 1887. In 1889, he finished his habilitation at University of Leipzig. Personal attributes It wa

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Anomalous Nernst effect in Co2MnGa thin films with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy

Jean-Philippe Ansermet, Simon Granville, Junfeng Hu, Song Liu, Sa Tu, Haiming Yu, Yan Zhang

The thermoelectric and transport properties of MgO/Co2MnGa/Pd stacks with perpendicular magnetic anisotropy were measured. For a nominal 3.3 nm Co2MnGa thickness, the anomalous Nernst coefficient and the Nernst angle at room temperature were found to be 0.3 +/- 0.05 mu V/K and 5 +/- 1%, respectively. The Nernst and Hall angle temperature dependences show similar trends. Increasing the Co2MnGa thickness to 3.6 nm enhances the anomalous Nernst angle to 6.5% at room temperature. At remanence, the anomalous Nernst coefficient at room temperature is half the saturation value.

ELSEVIER2020

Effects of Driving Forces for Recombination and Regeneration on the Photovoltaic Performance of Dye-Sensitized Solar Cells using Cobalt Polypyridine Redox Couples

Ulf Anders Hagfeldt, Gang Wang

Dye-sensitized solar cells with open-circuit potentials above 1 V were obtained by employing the triphenylamine-based org. dye D35 in combination with cobalt phenanthroline redox couples. A series of cobalt bipyridine and cobalt phenanthroline complexes with different redox potentials were investigated to examine the dependence of the driving force for recombination and dye regeneration on the photovoltaic performance. The photovoltage of the devices was found to increase and the photocurrent to decrease with increasing redox potential of the complexes. The halftime for regeneration of the oxidized dye by cobalt tris(bipyridine) was about 20 μs, similar to that found for the iodide/triiodide redox couple, whereas regeneration kinetics became slower for cobalt complexes with less driving force for regeneration. A driving force for dye regeneration of 390 mV for cobalt(II/III) tris(5-chloro-1,10-phenanthroline) was found sufficient to regenerate more than 80% of the D35 dye mols., resulting in a conversion of incident photons-to-elec. current of above 80%. The photocurrent of the D35-sensitized solar cells using cobalt phenanthroline complexes decreased, however, with increasing Nernst potential of the redox couples, due to the increased recombination and the decreased regeneration rate consts.

2011

Spin Caloritronics, origin and outlook

Jean-Philippe Ansermet, Sylvain Bréchet, Haiming Yu

Spin caloritronics refers to research efforts in spintronics when a heat current plays a role. In this review, we start out by reviewing the predictions that can be drawn from the thermodynamics of irreversible processes. This serves as a conceptual framework in which to analyze the interplay of charge, spin and heat transport. This formalism predicts tensorial relations between vectorial quantities such as currents and gradients of chemical potentials or of temperature. Transverse effects such as the Nernst or Hall effects are predicted on the basis that these tensors can include an anti-symmetric contribution, which can be written with a vectorial cross-product. The local symmetry of the system may determine the direction of the vector defining such transverse effects, such as the surface of an isotropic medium. By including magnetization as state field in the thermodynamic description, spin currents appear naturally from the continuity equation for the magnetization, and dissipative spin torques are derived, which are charge-driven or heat-driven. Thermodynamics does not give the strength of these effects, but may provide relationships between them. Based on this framework, the review proceeds by showing how these effects have been observed in various systems. Spintronics has become a vast field of research, and the experiments highlighted in this review pertain only to heat effects on transport and magnetization dynamics, such as magneto-thermoelectric power, or the spin-dependence of the Seebeck effect, the spin-dependence of the Peltier effect, the spin Seebeck effect, the magnetic Seebeck effect, or the Nernst effect. The review concludes by pointing out predicted effects that are yet to be verified experimentally, and in what novel materials the standard thermal spin effects could be investigated.

Elsevier2016

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