San Pedro de la Nave

San Pedro de la Nave ("St. Peter of the Nave") is an Early Medieval church in the province of Zamora, Spain. It is in the locality of El Campillo in the municipal unit of San Pedro de la Nave-Almendra. It was moved from its original site near the River Esla when the land was to be flooded by the construction of the Ricobayo reservoir. The church, one of the oldest churches in Spain, is of architectural interest and is being considered for World Heritage Site status along with nine other Mozarabic sites. It is currently on a "tentative list" (part of the nominating process). The traditional interpretation is that the church foundation goes back to the reign of Egica in the seventh century, having been built between 680 and before the Muslim conquest of Hispania in 711; San Pedro de la Nave would thus be one of the last works of Visigothic architecture. The church's first design corresponded to a Roman cross in plan, although later two lateral naves were added, which gave it a hybrid shape between basilical and cruciform. It also has five rooms, two on each side of the Presbytery, that must have served as hermits' cells. In sum a rectangular plan of approximately 5.6 by 2.1 meters is established, from which eight chapels project: the rectangular central apsidal chapel and two others at the ends of the transept. The central nave, as is usually the case, is taller and wider than the aisles and is separated from them by arches supported by strong pillars. The roof of the church is supported by a barrel vault, but while the vault of the nave and the aisles retains its original stone structure, the western sections of the building are vaulted in brick from the earlier springing points of the ashlar masonry. The arches used are of the horseshoe type (greater than half a circle) of Visigothic architecture. The two arches perpendicular to the axis of the nave spring from impost blocks supported on columns attached to the piers. The arch opening onto the apse is a tighter horseshoe shape resting on two columns in the jambs of the opening.

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Fragmentation sécuritaire et urbanisme de la peur: notes sur les nouvelles guerres de sécession

Yves Pedrazzini

Considérant que les communautés fermées sont le reflet d’un urbanisme de la peur instituant comme projet sociétal la clôture des espaces urbains, cette contribution montre que le couplage « privatisation-sécurisation » n’est pas induit par la seule violence des villes. Il relèverait tout autant du désir des élites de se doter d’une capacité de contrôle accrue, ajoutant, grâce à la fragmentation urbaine générée, un pouvoir urbanistique aux pouvoirs économiques et politiques dont elles disposent déjà. Cette volonté du tout contrôle – bannissant l’imprécision pour qu’un ordre idéal se fasse jour et que la paix demeure – limite toutefois l’aptitude des villes à la mutabilité. La tentative d’incarner spatialement le tryptique « sécurité, sûreté, certitude » ne fait pas uniquement oublier que la ville était un espoir de convivialité. En morcelant et rigidifiant l’espace, elle réduit sa capacité à se réinventer.

2012

Hispania

Hispania (Hispānia hɪsˈpaːnia, isˈpanja; nearly identically pronounced in Spanish, Portuguese, Catalan, and Italian) was the Roman name for the Iberian Peninsula and its provinces. Under the Roman Republic, Hispania was divided into two provinces: Hispania Citerior and Hispania Ulterior. During the Principate, Hispania Ulterior was divided into two new provinces, Baetica and Lusitania, while Hispania Citerior was renamed Hispania Tarraconensis.