La Niña (lə_ˈniːnjə , la ˈniɲa; The Girl) is an oceanic and atmospheric phenomenon that is the colder counterpart of El Niño, as part of the broader El Niño–Southern Oscillation (ENSO) climate pattern. The name La Niña originates from Spanish for "the girl", by analogy to El Niño, meaning "the boy". In the past, it was also called an anti-El Niño and El Viejo, meaning "the old man."
During a La Niña period, the sea surface temperature across the eastern equatorial part of the central Pacific Ocean will be lower than normal by 3–5 °C (5.4–9 °F). An appearance of La Niña often persists for longer than five months. El Niño and La Niña can be indicators of weather changes across the globe. Atlantic and Pacific hurricanes can have different characteristics due to lower or higher wind shear and cooler or warmer sea surface temperatures.
ImageSize = width:800 height:70
PlotArea = left:50 bottom:20 width:700 height:40
Period = from:1900 till:2023
DateFormat = yyyy
TimeAxis = orientation:horizontal
ScaleMajor = unit:year increment:5 start:1900
PlotData =
bar:laniña width:30 color:blue mark:(line,white)
from:1903 till:1904
from:1906 till:1907
from:1909 till:1911
from:1916 till:1918
from:1924 till:1925
from:1928 till:1930
from:1938 till:1939
from:1942 till:1943
from:1949 till:1951
from:1954 till:1957
from:1964 till:1965
from:1967 till:1968
from:1970 till:1972
from:1973 till:1974
from:1974 till:1976
from:1983 till:1984
from:1984 till:1985
from:1988 till:1989
from:1995 till:1996
from:1998 till:2001
from:2005 till:2006
from:2007 till:2008
from:2008 till:2009
from:2010 till:2012
from:2016 till:2017
from:2017 till:2018
from:2020 till:2023
A timeline of all La Niña episodes between 1900 and 2023.
La Niña is a complex weather pattern that occurs every few years, as a result of variations in ocean temperatures in the equatorial band of the Pacific Ocean, The phenomenon occurs as strong winds blow warm water at the ocean's surface away from South America, across the Pacific Ocean towards Indonesia.
This page is automatically generated and may contain information that is not correct, complete, up-to-date, or relevant to your search query. The same applies to every other page on this website. Please make sure to verify the information with EPFL's official sources.
The course equips students with a comprehensive scientific understanding of climate change covering a wide range of topics from physical principles, historical climate change, greenhouse gas emissions
A tropical cyclone is a rapidly rotating storm system characterized by a low-pressure center, a closed low-level atmospheric circulation, strong winds, and a spiral arrangement of thunderstorms that produce heavy rain and squalls. Depending on its location and strength, a tropical cyclone is referred to by different names, including hurricane (ˈhʌrᵻkən,_-keɪn), typhoon (taɪ'fuːn), tropical storm, cyclonic storm, tropical depression, or simply cyclone.
Upwelling is an oceanographic phenomenon that involves wind-driven motion of dense, cooler, and usually nutrient-rich water from deep water towards the ocean surface. It replaces the warmer and usually nutrient-depleted surface water. The nutrient-rich upwelled water stimulates the growth and reproduction of primary producers such as phytoplankton. The biomass of phytoplankton and the presence of cool water in those regions allow upwelling zones to be identified by cool sea surface temperatures (SST) and high concentrations of chlorophyll a.
Sea surface temperature (SST), or ocean surface temperature, is the ocean temperature close to the surface. The exact meaning of surface varies according to the measurement method used, but it is between and below the sea surface. Air masses in the Earth's atmosphere are highly modified by sea surface temperatures within a short distance of the shore. Localized areas of heavy snow can form in bands downwind of warm water bodies within an otherwise cold air mass.
Explores natural climate modes like NAO and ENSO, their impact on global temperature, and the urgency of emissions reduction.
Discusses the impact of climate variability on cities, exploring solutions and challenges in the context of global warming trends.
Delves into paleoclimate, climate variability, and international climate agreements.