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Concept
History of Sumer
Summary
The history of Sumer spans the 5th to 3rd millennia BCE in southern Mesopotamia, and is taken to include the prehistoric Ubaid and Uruk periods. Sumer was the region's earliest known civilization and ended with the downfall of the Third Dynasty of Ur around 2004 BCE. It was followed by a transitional period of Amorite states before the rise of Babylonia in the 18th century BCE.
The oldest known settlement in southern Mesopotamia is Tell el-'Oueili. The Sumerians claimed that their civilization had been brought, fully formed, to the city of Eridu by their god Enki or by his advisor (or Abgallu from ab=water, gal=big, lu=man), Adapa U-an (the Oannes of Berossus). The first people at Eridu brought with them the Samarra culture from northern Mesopotamia and are identified with the Ubaid period, but it is not known whether or not these were Sumerians (associated later with the Uruk period).
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id:time value:rgb(0.7,0.7,1) #
id:period value:rgb(1,0.7,0.5) #
id:age value:rgb(0.95,0.85,0.5) #
id:era value:rgb(1,0.85,0.5) #
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id:filler value:gray(0.8) # background bar
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Period = from:-5300 till:-1940
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align:center textcolor:black fontsize:10 mark:(line,black) width:15 shift:(0,-5)
bar: color:era
from:-5300 till:-4100 shift:(0,0) text:[[Ubaid period]]~([[Chalcolithic]])
from:-4100 till:-2900 shift:(-20,0) text:[[Uruk period]]~[[Chalcolithic|(Late Chalcolithic)]]
from:-4100 till:-3300 shift:(-20,10) text:[[Uruk|Uruk XIV-V]]
from:-3300 till:-3000 shift:(0,5) text:[[Uruk|Uruk IV]]
from:-3100 till:-2900 shift:(0,-7) text: [[Uruk|Uruk III]]
from:-2334 till:-2218 shift:(0,-7) text:[[Akkadian Empire|Akkadian]]
from:-2218 till:-2047 shift:(0,5) text:[[Gutian period|Gutian]]
from:-2047 till:-1940 shift:(7,-7) text:[[Ur III period|Ur III]]
bar: color:eon
from:-2900 till:-2334 shift:(0,17) text:"[[Early Dynastic Period of Sumer|Early Dynastic period]]"
from:-2900 till:-2800 shift:(0,7) text:I
from:-2800 till:-2600 shift:(0,7) text:II
from:-2600 till:-2500 shift:(0,7) text:IIIa
from:-2500 till:-2334 shift:(0,7) text:IIIb
Dates are approximate, consult particular article for details
Uruk III = Jemdet Nasr period
Permanent year-round urban settlement may have been prompted by intensive agricultural practices.
Official source
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