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Concept
Kosovo offensive (1915)
Summary
The Kosovo offensive of 1915 (Bulgarian: Косовска настъпателна операция, German:Verfolgungskämpfe im Kosovo) was an offensive launched as part of the Serbian campaign of 1915. It involved the Central Powers (German, Austro-Hungarian, and Bulgarian units under the command of Prussian Field Marshal Mackensen) and the Kingdom of Serbia.
It was conducted in the southwest corner of Serbia, in the historic site of the medieval battle of Kosovo, where the three Serbian armies, overwhelmed by the combined strength of their enemies, had retreated during the second half of November 1915. The ultimate goal of the Central Powers offensive was to encircle and destroy the Serbian army in a decisive final battle; as the offensive progressed the Serbs retreated over the snow-clad Montenegrin and Albanian mountains to the Adriatic coast.
The Kosovo offensive of 1915 resulted in a decisive victory for the Central Powers, leading to the occupation of Serbia by Austria-Hungary and Bulgaria and to a significant shift in the balance of power in the Balkans during World War I.
On 6 October 1915, less than a year after Serbia marked the first Allied victory of World War One and humiliated its powerful neighbour, the Austro-Hungarian Third Army, the Eleventh German Army, as well as General Sarkotić's army from Bosnia, began the fourth invasion of Serbia. The overwhelming superiority in heavy artillery, as well as the weight of numbers, quickly overwhelmed the Serbian army who started streaming southwards towards Kragujevac and Niš; Five days later, the Serbs were caught by surprise when the Bulgarian First and Second Armies invaded Serbia from the east, cutting the rail line that ran north from Salonika and depriving Serbia of reinforcements and artillery ammunition. The Serbian high command was forced to transfer its all-important Second Army from the northern front to defend this border.
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