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Concept
Spatial multiplexing
Summary
Spatial multiplexing or space-division multiplexing (SM, SDM or SMX) is a multiplexing technique in MIMO wireless communication, fibre-optic communication and other communications technologies used to transmit independent channels separated in space.
In fibre-optic communication SDM refers to the usage of the transverse dimension of the fibre to separate the channels.
Multi-core fibres are fibres designed with more than a single core. Amongst different types of MCFs exist, “Uncoupled MCF” is the most common in which each core is treated to be an independent optical path resulting in increasing in channel capacity. However, the main limitation to these systems is the presence of inter core crosstalk and ways to deal it as well as the coupling/de-coupling mechanism. Although, in recent times, different splicing techniques, coupling methods and schemes have been proposed and demonstrated and despite many of the component technologies still being in the development stage, MCF systems already present the capability for huge transmission capacity.
Recently, some developed components technologies for multicore optical fiber are demonstrated, such as three-dimensional Y-splitters between different multicore fibers, a universal interconnection among the same fiber cores, and a device for fast swapping and interchange of wavelength-division multiplexed data among cores of multicore optical fiber.
Multi-mode fibers are fibres designed to allow multiple modes to propagate through it where each mode is considered as separate channel enhancing its capacity in contrast to single mode fibre (SMF) that only supports single spatial mode, however MMF has two polarizations. The MMFs are limited by high dispersion and attenuation rate causing the signal quality to be diminished over long distances. In addition to this, the MMFs also suffer from intermodal crosstalk and requires digital signal processing to deal with it.
Mode-division multiplexing utilizes the transverse spatial modes of the fibre to separate the channels.
Official source
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