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The ingress of sulfate ions into cementitious materials leads to the formation of ettringite, gypsum and other phases. The increase in solid volume through the formation of these phases is often assumed to be the only reason for expansion. In this paper we ...
Particle pH is a critical but poorly constrained quantity that affects many aerosol processes and properties, including aerosol composition, concentrations, and toxicity. We assess PM1 pH as a function of geographical location and altitude, focusing on the ...
This work investigates the influence of bicarbonate ions on the deterioration of cementitious material exposed to sulfate ions. Mortars based on a CEM I and on a CEM III/B cement were investigated. Experimental investigations were compared to thermodynamic ...
High levels of ammonia (NH3) have been suggested to elevate ambient particle pH levels to near neutral acidity (pH = 7), a condition that promotes rapid SO2 oxidation by NO2 to form aerosol sulfate concentration consistent with "London fog" levels. This po ...
This doctoral thesis aims at demonstrating the technical feasibility of methane production from microalgae via continuous catalytic supercritical water gasification (CSCWG). This work focuses on three different research approaches: (i) assessment and impro ...
This paper describes a novel approach to the quantitative investigation of the impact of varying relative humidity (RH) and temperature on the structure and thermodynamic properties of salts and crystalline cement hydrates in different hydration states (i. ...
The degradation mechanisms of cementitious materials exposed to sulfate solutions have been controversial, despite considerable research. In this paper, two methodologies of image analysis based on scanning electron microscope and chemical mapping are used ...
Additions of slag are usually considered to give cementitious materials which perform well in sulfate bearing environments. This paper compares the deterioration of slag cement blends to those of plain Portland cement and demonstrates that this occurs more ...
Background: Total (i.e. free + sulfated) metanephrines in plasma is a biomarker for the diagnosis of pheochromocytoma/paraganglioma. Sulfated metanephrines must be completely deconjugated by perchloric acid hydrolysis or sulfatase treatment prior to analyt ...
The mechanisms behind the expansion of samples immersed in solutions containing sulfate ions have been controversial. Expansion is believed to originate in the formation of ettringite, but it is not possible to find any direct correlation between these two ...