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Concept
Földes
Summary
Földes is a large village in Hajdú-Bihar County, in the Northern Great Plain region of eastern Hungary.
It covers an area of and has a population of 3,960 people (2016). It is located next to the main road 42 between Püspökladány and Berettyóújfalu, 34 km southwest of Debrecen. The Eastern Main Channel is 5 km northeast from Földes.
Directly neighboring settlements: Sáp (4 km south), Báránd (10 km southwest), Tetétlen (5 km west), Hajdúszovát (14 km northeast), Derecske (20 km east), Berettyóújfalu (16 km southeast). A bus service connects to Debrecen, Berettyóújfalu, Püspökladány, Kaba, Nagyrábé. The closest train station is located in Sáp.
In 1938, traces of the first human settlement were found during archeological excavations in the Inacs Mound, next to the main road 42, at the western edge of Földes's boundary. It was a Neolithic site where the remains of their pit houses and burned walls of their wattle-and-daub were found with the tools of a copper-age man. Lajos Kiss and Béla Kálmán linguists declared, the village was named after its soil. György Módy historian said, that the name of the village origined from personal name and perhaps got it from its inhabitants dealing with farming. Földes also had a tradition of its own name-origin, spreading by László Virágh a teacher from Földes.
The first written mention of Földes – which was debated for a long time – was in the Váradi Regestrum in 1215: messenger Gyuro, the son of Moysa from Heldus (Földes) village (pristaldum nomine Gyuro, filium Moysa de villa Heldus), proceeded in an affair of peoples from Bajom and Rábé. From that time on, the name of Földes did not appear in written sources until 1342, but an interesting tradition (story) has survived from 1241 to 1242. Rogerius a canon of Várad wrote about this period, telling what devastation the Southern Tatar army had done under Kadan's leadership in Bihar County.
An entirely sure mentioning of Földes was on 31 May 1342, when in the report of the Eger chapter to Hungarian King Károly Róbert, András the son of Tamás from Földes, appears as a noble witness (Andreas filius Thomae de Feldes).
Official source
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