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Concept
Trillium cuneatum
Summary
Trillium cuneatum, the little sweet betsy, also known as whip-poor-will flower, large toadshade, purple toadshade, and bloody butcher, is a species of flowering plant in the family Melanthiaceae. It is a member of the Trillium cuneatum complex, a subgroup of the sessile-flowered trilliums. It is native to the southeastern United States but is especially common in a region that extends from southern Kentucky through central Tennessee to northern Alabama. In its native habitat, this perennial plant flowers from early March to late April (depending on latitude). It is the largest of the eastern sessile-flowered trilliums.
Trillium cuneatum (in the strict sense) is a member of the Trillium cuneatum complex, a group of eight taxa including Trillium luteum and Trillium maculatum. All members of the complex are sessile-flowered trilliums.
Trillium cuneatum is a perennial, herbaceous, flowering plant that persists by means of an underground rhizome. Like all trilliums, it has a whorl of three bracts (leaves) and a single trimerous flower with three sepals, three petals, two whorls of three stamens each, and three carpels (fused into a single ovary with three stigmas). It has a sessile flower (no flower stalk), erect petals, and mottled leaves. The broad leaves surround a banana-scented flower with maroon, bronze, green, or yellow petals. It is known for its morphological variability between (and even within) geographically distributed populations.
Trillium cuneatum was first described by Constantine Samuel Rafinesque in 1840. The specific epithet cuneatum, which means "narrow below and wide above, wedge-shaped", refers to the tapered shape of the basal half of its flower petal. , the name Trillium cuneatum is widely recognized. The species is a member of the sessile-flowered trilliums (Trillium subgen. Sessilia), a group of species typified by Trillium sessile.
Based on morphology and molecular phylogenetic evidence, Trillium cuneatum sensu lato is paraphyletic.
Official source
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